ANESS = Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement Series (Centre for Classics and Archaeology, University of Melbourne, Peeters Press, Louvain, 2000ff.)

ANET = J. B. Prichard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (Princeton 19501; 19552; 19693)

Angim (aka Cooper Angim) = lit. comp.; J.S. Cooper, The Return of Ninurta to Nippur (= AnOr 52)

Angry Sea = lit. comp.; O Angry Sea, R. Kutscher, YNER 6

Animal Husbandry = Marek Stepien, Animal Husbandry in the Ancient Near East A Prosopographic Study of Third Millennium Umma (CDL Press 1996)

anm. = footnote (Anmerkungen)

Ann. Rost = TigI. III.

AnnNap = Annali dell’Istituto Orientale di Napoli

Annuaire = Annuaire de École Pratique des Hautes Études, Section sciences historiques et philologiques (Paris).

AnOr = Analecta Orientalia (Rome 1931 ff.)

Anp. = Aššurnasirpal (from King, L.W., Annals of the Kings of Assyria. London 1905)

AnSt = Anatolian Studies (London 1951 ff.)

Antagal = lex. series an-ta-gal2 = šaqû; MSL 17, 131ff.

Anthroponymie (aka l’anthroponymie) = H. Limet, L’Anthroponymie sumerienne

Anthropos = Anthropos. Internationale Zeitschrift für Völker- und Sprachenkunde (Salzburg/Mödling/Posiéux/ Freibung, Switzerland, 1906 ff.)

Antichistica = Antichistica/Antiquity Studies (Venezia 2013 ff.).

Antiquity = Antiquity. A quarterly review of archaeology (Cambridge etc. 1927ff.)

AO = 1) Der Alte Orient (Leipzig 1900 ff.). 2) Museum siglum Louvre (Antiquités orientales)

AOAT (aka AOATS) = Alter Orient und Altes Testament (Kevelaer/Neukirchen-Vluyn 1969 ff.); S = Sonderreihe (1971 ff.)

AOATT (aka ATT) = K. Veenhof, Aspects of Old Assyrian Trade and its Terminology (= SD 10, 1972  

AoB (aka AOB) = Altorientalische Bibliothek, vol. I (Leipzig 1926)

AoBel = Acta Orientalia Belgica, Société Belge d’Études Orientales (Leuven)

AOeAW (aka AÖAW, ÖAW, OeAW) = Anzeiger den Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil-hist. Klasse (Wien 1947 ff.)

AoF = Altorientalische Forschungen (Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients)(Berlin 1974 ff.)

AoN (aka AltorNot/ Aor Not.) = Altorientalistische Notizen (Würzburg 1976ff.)

AOS = American Oriental Series (New Haven 1925 ff.)

AOTb = museum sigla, Louvre (Antiquités Orientales, Tello)

AOTc = museum sigla, Louvre (Antiquités Orientales, Tello)                      

ap (aka ap.) = Old Persian (altpersisch)

APA = Acta praehistorica et archaeologica (Berlin 1970 ff.)

APAW (aka AbhBerlin) = Abhandlungen der (Königl.) Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil-hist. Klasse (Berlin 1908 -1944)

APHAO = Association pour la Promotion de l’Histoire et de l’Archéologie Orientales. Publications de la Mission archéologique de l’Université de Liège en Syrie (Louvain/Paris/Dudley [2004/]2006ff.); Mémoires de l’APHAO (Louvain/Liège 1996ff.)

ApI = Ernst Herzfeld, Altpersische Inschriften (AMI Erg. Bd. 1, Berlin 1938)

APN = K. Tallqvist, Assyrian Personal Names (= ASSF 43/1, 1914)

App. = appendix

AR = Kohler, J. and A. Ungnad. Assyrische Rechtsurkunden (Leipzig)

ARAB = D. D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia (Chicago 1926/27)

Arab. = Arabic

Aradmu to Shulgi 1 = letter Ali Letters 27ff. A 1; Michalowski Correspondence 135ff.; Ali, Sumer 26, 146ff.; Michalowski LEM no. 96

Aradmu to Shulgi 2 = letter; Michalowski Correspondence 160ff.

Aradmu to Shulgi 3 = letter; Michalowski Correspondence 167ff.

Aradmu to Shulgi 4 = letter; J. van Dijk, Sumer 15, 10ff.; Michalowski Correspondence 172ff.                 

Aradmu to Shulgi 5 = letter; ms. P. Michalowski

Aradmu to Shulgi 6 = letter; C. Wilcke WO 5, 2f.; Michalowski Correspondence 177ff.

Aramazd = Aramazd. Armenian journal of Near Eastern studies (Yerevan 2006ff.)

Arch. = Archaic (texts)

Arch. = Archaeologia (London 1888-1966)

Archaeology = Archaeology (Archaeological Institute of America)

ArchAn= Archivum Anatolicum (Ankara 1995ff.)

ArchAnz. (aka AA) = Archäologischer Anzeiger (Berlin 1849 ff.)

ArchBibel = Zabern, von (editor) nd

Archeology = Archeology. A magazine dealing with the Antiquity of the world (Cambridge, Mass.-New York)

Archives of Drehem = S. Langdon, Tablets from the Archives of Drehem

ARES = Archivi reali di Ebla. Studi (Rome 1988 ff.)

ARET = Archivi reali di Ebla. Testi (Rome 1985 ff.)

ARI = A.K. Grayson, Assyrian Royal Inscriptions (Wiesbaden 1972/1976)

ARK (aka EL) = F. Eisser/J. Lewy, Die altassyrischen Rechtsurkunden vom Kültepe (I = MVAeG 33 [1930]; II = 35/3 [1935])

Ark. Kunsth. Medd. = Arkæologisk-kunsthistoriske Meddelelser (Copenhagen)

ArkeoSanat = Arkeoloji ve Sanat Dergisi (Istanbul 1978 ff.)

ARM = Archives royales de Mari (= TCL 22-31)

ARMT = Archives royales de Mari, traduction (Paris 1950 ff.)

ARN = M. Çig/H. Kizilyay/F. R. Kraus, Altbabylonische Rechtsurkunden aus Nippur (Istanbul 1952)

ArOr = Archiv Orientalni (Prague)

ARRIM = Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project (Toronto 1983 ff.)

ArsIslam = Ars Islamica (1934-1951)

Art and Archaeology = Art and Archaeology (1914-1934)

Art de la Mésopotamie = Ch. Zervos, L’art de la Mésopotamie de la fin du quatrième millénaire au XVe siècle avant notre ère (Paris 1935)

ARTA = Achaemenid Research on Texts and Archaeology             Journal

ArtAs (aka AA, Artibus Asiae) = Artibus Asiae (Ascona 1925/26 ff.)

ArtsAs = Arts Asiatiques. Annales du Musée Guimet et du Musée Cernuschi (Paris 1954ff.)

ARV = D. Arnaud, Altbabylonische Rechts- und Verwaltungsurkunden (= BBVOT 1, 1989)

AS = Assyriological Studies (Oriental Institute, Univ. of Chicago)

ASA = M. Höfner, Altsüdarabische Grammatik, Porta Linguarum Orientalium 24, Leipzig 1943

ASAE = Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte (Kairo 1900ff.)

ASAW= Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, Philologisch-Historische Klasse

Asb. = Assurbanipal, A = Prisma A following M. Streck, VAB VII/2 (1916) 2 ff.; B = Prism B following A. C. Piepkorn, AS 5(1933); (= Prism C following M. Streck, VAB VII/2, S.138 ff.); F = Prism F following J.-M. Aynard, Le prisme du Louvre (Paris 1957)

Ash-Sharq = Ash-Sharq. Bulletin of the Ancient Near East

Ash. = R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asarhaddons (= AfO Beih. 9, 1956)

Ashergita = lit. comp.; J. Black, Acta Sum 7, 11-87

Ashmolean mus. = B. Buchanan/ P. R. S. Moorey, Catalogue of the Ancient Near Eastern seals in the Ashmolean Museum, 1–3 (Oxford 1966–1988): 1: Cylinder seals (1966); 2: The prehistoric stamp seals (1984); 3: The iron age stamp seals (c. 1200–350 BC) (1988).

ASJ (aka Acta Sum) = Acta Sumerologica (Hiroshima, Japan 1979 ff.)

ASKT = P. Haupt, Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte

Ass. = Assyrian

AssCapp = P. Garelli, Les Assyriens en Cappadoce (Paris 1963)

ASSF = Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae (Helsinki)

AssLaws = G.R. Driver/J.C. Miles, The Assyrian Laws (Oxford 1935)

Assur = Assur. Monographic Journals of the Near East (Malibu 1974 ff.)              

Assyrian Stone Vessels = Assyrian Stone Vessels and related material in the British Museum, A. Searight, J. Reade & I. Finkel (Oxbow 2008)

Assyriological Miscellanies = Assyriological Miscellanies (Institute of Assyriology, Copenhagen)

AST = Arastirma Sonuclari Toplantisi

astrol. = astrological (texts)

Astrolabe B = E. Weidner, Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie 63ff.; E. Reiner and D. Pingree, BiMesop. 2/2, 151-152; G. ,Cagirgan, Belleten 48, 399- 416

astron. = astronomical (texts)

AT = Altes Testament

AT = Tel Atshana (Alalakh) Text, excavation sigla for 1937 (see also ATT)

ATHE = B. Kienast, Die altassyrischen Texte des Orientalischen Seminars in Heidelberg und der Sammlung Erlenmeyer (= UAVA 1, 1960)

Athenaeum = Athenaeum. Studi periodici di letteratura e storia dell’antichità; (Pavia 1913- 1922); NS = nova series (1923 ff.)

AthM = Athenische Mitteilungen

Atiqot = ‘Atiqot. Journal of the Israel Department of Antiquities (Untertitel ab 4/1964: Publications by the Department of Antiquities and Museums in the Ministry of Education and Culture) (Jerusalem 1955ff.; ab Bd. 21/1991 zweispr.); HS = Hebrew Series 1–10 (1956–1990); ES = English Series 1–19 (1955–1990)

Atiqot= Journal of the Israel Department of Antiquities

Atlal = Atlal. The journal of Saudi Arabian archaeology (Riyadh 1977 ff.)

ATR = H. Torczyner, Altbabylonische Tempelrechnungen (Vienna 1913)

Atra-hasis = W.G. Lambert and A.R. Millard, Atra–hasis the Babylonian Story of the Flood; with the Sumerian Flood Story by M. Civil

ATT = Tel Atshana (Alalakh) Text, excavation sigla

ATU = Archaische Texte aus Uruk vol. 1, A. Falkenstein (= ADFU 2, 1926); vol. 2, M. Green/H. Nissen, Zeichenliste der archaischen Texte aus Uruk (= ADFU 11, 1987; see ZATU); vol. 3 , R. Englund/H. Nissen, Die lexikalischen Listen der Archaischen Texte aus Uruk (= ADFU 13, 1993); vol. 5 = R. Englund, Archaic Administrative Texts from Uruk The Early Campaigns (= ADFU 15, 1994); vol. 7 , R. Englund/H. Nissen, Archaische Verwaltungstexte aus Uruk Die Heidelberger Sammlung (= ADFU 17, 2001)

AU = F. Sommer, Die Ahhijava-Urkunden (= AMAW NF 6, 1932).

AUAM (aka HMA) = tablets in the collections of the Andrews University Archaeological Museum

AUCT = Andrews University Cuneiform Texts (Berriens Springs, Michigan 1984 ff.)

AuOr (aka AulaOr.) = Aula Orientalis (Barcelona 1983 ff.)

AuOrS = Aula Orientalis Supplements

AUWE = Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka. Endberichte (Mainz 1987 ff.)

AVAM = Allgemeine und Vergleichende Archäologie des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Bonn, Materialien (Munich)

AVO = Altertumskunde des Vorderen Orients. Archäologische Studien zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients (Münster 1992ff.)

AW (aka Antike Welt) = Antike Welt. Zeitschrift für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte (Mainz 1970 ff.)

AWAS = G. J. Selz, Altsumerische Wirtschaftsurkunden Sammlungen, 2 vols., (Franz Steiner Verlag 1993)

AWEL (aka G.J. Selz, AWEL) = G. J. Selz, Die Altsumerischen Verwaltungstexte aus Lagash, Teil 1 Die Altsumerischen Wirtschaftsurkunden der Eremitage zu Leningrad, FAOS 15/1 (Stuttgart 1989)

AWL = J.Bauer, Altsumerische Wirtschaftstexte aus Lagasch (= StPohl 9, 1971)

Aynard Jeanne-Marie Aynard, Le prisme du Lourvre AO 19.939. Bibliothè de l’École des Hautes École des Hautes Études, IVe section, sciences historiques et philologiques

AzArch = Azerbaijan Archaeology (1999 ff.)

B

B. Rhode Island = Davidson, A. 1939

BA= Beiträge zur Assyriologie (und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft)(Leipzig 1890 ff.)

BA= Biblical Archaeologist

BAAL = BAAL, Bulletin d’archéologie et d’architecture libanaises (Beirut 1996 ff.)

Baba and Ishmedagan = lit. comp. Römer SKIZ 236ff., and dupls.

BabAr = series Babylonische Archive (Dresden 2002)

Babel & Bibel = Babel und Bibel. Ancient Near Eastern, Old Testament and Semitic studies (Moscow/Winona Lake 2004ff.)

BabLaws = G. Driver/J. Miles, The Babylonian Laws (Oxford 1955)

Babyl. = Babylonian

Babyloniaca (aka Bab ; Babyl) = Babyloniaca Études de philologie assyrobabylonienne (Paris 1906-1937)

Babylonian Genesis = A. Heidel, The Babylonian Genesis

Babylonisches Schrifttum = E. Unger, Babylonisches Schrifttum (Leipzig 1921)

BAD = G. A. Barton, Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents from the Earliest Times to the Dynasty of Agade. UMBS, vol. 9, no. 1. (Philadelphia, 1915)

BAfO = Beihefte zum Archiv für Orientforschung (Berlin-Graz 1933ff.)

BagF (aka BaFo) = Bagdhader Forschungen (Mainz 1979 ff.)

BagM (aka BaM) = Baghdader Mitteilungen (Berlin 1960 ff.); Beih. = Beiheft.

BAH = Bibliothèque archéologique et historique, Institut Francais d’Archéologie de Beyrouth (Paris 1921 ff.)

BAIS = Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg (Saint Petersburg 1860-1927) 

BAK= H. Hunger, Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1968.

BAL = R. Borger, Babylonisch-assyrische Lesestücke (Rome 1963(1); 1979(2) [= AnOr.54])

Balag = M.E. Cohen, An Analysis of the Balag-Compositions to the god Enlil (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania)

Balag Inanna = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, Aula Or5, 71ff.

BAM (aka Köcher Medizin) = F. Köcher, Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen (Berlin 1963 ff.)

BAOM = Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum (Tokyo 1979ff.)

BAP = B. Meissner, Beiträge zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht (= AB 11, 1893)

BAR = British Archaeological Reports. IS = International Series (London)

BARev = Biblical Archaeology Review (Washington/Red Oak 1975ff.)

BASOR = Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (New Haven 1919 ff.)

BASPR = Bulletin / American school of prehistoric research, Peabody museum, Harvard university

BATSH = Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall Šēh Hamad/Dūr katlimmu (Berlin)

BAU = E. Burrows, Archaic Texts (UET 2; London 1935)

Bauer = Theo Bauer, Das Inschriftenwerk Assurbanipals (Leipzig 1972)

BAV (aka Beziehungen) = W. Helck, Die Beziehungen Ägyptens zu Vorderasien im 3. und 2. Jahrt. v. Chr. (Wiesbaden 19621; 19712)

BAW = Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften

BB = A. Ungnad, Babylonische Briefe aus der Zeit der Hammurapi-Dynastie. Vorderasiatische Bibliothek. (Leipzig, 1914)

BBDCP = E. Grant, Babylonian Business Documents of the Classical Period. (Philadelphia 1919)

BBEA = B. Landsberger and Th Bauer, Brief des Bischofs von Esagila an König Asarhaddon (Amsterdam 1965)

BbJ = W. Seipel and E. Wieczorek, eds., Von Babylon bis Jerusalem Die Welt der altorientalischen Königsstädte I-II (Mannheim-Vienna-Milan 1999)

BBR = H. Zimmern, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion

BBS (aka BBSt.) = L.W. King, Babylonian Boundary Stones and Memorial Tablets in the British Museum (London 1912)

BBVF (aka BBV) = Berliner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Berlin 1957 ff.)

BBVO = Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderer Orient (Berlin 1982 ff.)

BBVOT = Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderer Orient Texte (Berlin 1989 ff.)

BC = C. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik collection in the British Museum (5 vols.)

BCH = Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, École Francaise d’Athènes (Paris . . . 1877 ff.)

BCSMS = Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies. (Toronto 1981-2005)

BCT (aka CCTBCM, Watson Birmingham) = P.J. Watson, Catalogue of cuneiform tablets in Birmingham City Museum

BDHP = L. Watermann, Business Documents of the Hammurapi Period (London 1916)

BDTNS = Base de Datos de Textos Neosumerios <http //bdtns.filol.csic.es> (Madrid)

BE = The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia 1893 ff.)

Beer and Brewing (aka A. L. Oppenheim, Beer) = L.F. Hartman and A.L. Oppenheim, On Beer and Brewing Techniques in Ancient Mesopotamia (Baltimore 1950) (= JAOS Suppl. 10)

Beer-Sheva = Beer-Sheva. Studies by the Department of Bible and Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Faculty of humanities and social sciences (Beer-Sheva 1973ff.)

Behrens = T. Fish, The “Behrens” Collectlon of Sumerian Tablets in the Manchester Museum (= Notes from the Manchester Museum 30)

Belleten (aka Bell) = Türk Tarih Kurumu, Belleten (Ankara 1937 ff.).

Berens (aka Pinches Berens, Berens Collection, BTBC, Berens Coll) = G.T. Pinches, The Babylonian Tablets of the Berens Collection (= Asiatic Society Monographs 16, 1915)

Berytus = Berytus. Archaeological Studies (Copenhagen/Beirut 1934ff.)

Beschwörungen = M. Krebernik, Die Beschwörungen aus Fara und Ebla

BHAch 1 = Bulletin d’histoire achéménide (Topoi Suppl. 1 1997)

BHAch 2 = Bulletin d’histoire achéménide (Persika 1 2001)

BHLT = A. K. Grayson, Babylonian historical-literary texts, Toronto 1975.

BHT = S. Smith, Babylonian Historical Texts (London 1924)

BIAA (Monogr.) = British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, Monogr. = Monographs (Oxford/Ankara etc. 1980ff.; teilweise in BAR IntSer. enthalten); OccPubl. (zit. als OccPubl. BIAA) = Occasional Publications (of the British Institute of Archaeology at (Variante: in) Ankara) (London 1949ff.)

BiAr (aka BA) = Biblical Archaeologist (New Haven 1938 ff.)

Bib = Pontificio Istituto biblico (Rome 1920 ff.)

BID = W. Farber, Beschwörungsrituale an Ishtar und Dumuzi (Wiesbaden 1977)

Bier = W. Röllig, Das Bier im alten Mesopotamien (Berlin 1970)

BIES = Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society (Titelvariante bis 15/1950 [11/1943/1944–15/1950 Haupttitel]: Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society) 1–31 (London/Jerusalem 1933–1967).  

BiEtud = Bibliothèque d’étude, Institut français d’archéologie orientale du Caire

BIFAO = Bulletin de l’Institut Francais d’Archéologie Orientale au Caire, Le Caire

bil. = Bilingual

Bildatlas = M. A. Beek, Bildatlas der assyrisch-babylonischen Kultur (Gütersloh 1961)

Bilingual = Bilingual reference(s)

Bilinguismo = Il bilinguismo a Ebla, ed. L. Cagni

BiMes (aka BiMesop., BiblMes., BM) = Bibliotheca Mesopotamica (Malibu 1975 ff.)

BIN = Babylonian lnscriptions in the Collection of J. B. Nies (New Haven 1917 ff.)

BioarchNE = Bioarchaeology of the Near East (Warsaw 2007 ff.)

BiOr = Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden 1943/44 ff.)

Bird and Fish = lit. comp.; ms. M. Roth; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Bismya = E. Banks, Bismya of The Lost City of Adab (New York-London 1912)

Bit rimki = ritual series; see R. Borger, JCS 21, lff

Bit Rimki = J. Laessoe, Studies on the Assyrian Ritual and Series bit rimki

BIWA = R. Borger, Beiträge zum Inschriftenwerk Assurbanipals, (Wiesbaden 1996)

BJRL = Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, (Manchester, 1903ff.)

BJV (aka BJVF) = Berliner Jahrbuch für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, NF = Neue Folge (Berlin 1961 ff.)

BKR = U. Seidl, Die babylonischen Kudurru-Reliefs (= OBO 87, 1989)

BL = S. Langdon, Babylonian Liturgies; coll. R. Borger

BL = A. Ungnad, Babylonian Letters of the Hammurapi Period. UVBS 7. (Philadelphia 1915)

BLMJ = Museum siglum of the Bible Lands Museum, Jerusalem

BM = Museum siglum of the British Museum, London

BM Creation = Babylonian Legends of the Creation, British Museum, 1921

BM Messenger (aka Sigrist Messenger) = M. Sigrist, Messenger Texts from the British Museum

BMAH = Bulletin des Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire, (Brussels 1901 ff.)

BMAPT = Babylonian Mathematical Astronomy: Procedure Texts (Ossendrijver, 2012)

BMB = Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth, (1937 ff.)

BMC = Bollettino dei Musei Comunali di Roma

BMEJ (aka BMECCJ) = Bulletin of the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan (Wiesbaden 1984 ff.)

BMFA = Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, (Boston 1926-1965)

BMHBA = Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts (Budapest 1947 ff.)

BMHBA = Dávid, A. 1955

BMisc. = F.H. Weissbach, Babylonische Miscellen, (Leipzig 1903)

BMMA = Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, (New York 1905 ff.)

BMQ = British Museum Quarterly (London)

BMRAH = Bulletin des Musées Royaux d’Art et d’Histoire (Bruxelles)

BMS = L.W. King, Babylonian Magic and Sorcery (London 1896)

BN = Biblische Notizen. Beiträge zur exegetischen Diskussion (Bamberg 1976 ff.)

BNYPL = Bulletin of the New York Public Library (New York)

Bo. = Tablet siglum of (unpublished) texts from Bogazköy

BOC = W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Oracle Questions, Eisenbrauns, 2007

Bogh. = Boghazkoy                       

BoHa = Bogazköy-Hattusha. Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen (1-8 in WVDOG, Stuttgart/Berlin 1952ff.)

Boissier Choix = A. Boissier, Choix de textes relatifs à la divination assyro-babylonienne (1905)

BOR = Babylonian and Oriental Record, (London 1886-1901)

Borger = Rykle Borger, Assyrisch-babylonische Zeichenliste (Kevelaer 1978)

Bork, Zeughausurkungen = Ferdinand Bork, Die Zeughausurkunden von Susa, Teil I ( = Altkaukasische Studien, Heft III, Leipzig 1941)

BoSt = Boghazköi-Studien (Leipzig 1917 ff.)

BoTU = Boghazköi-Texte in Umschrift (Leipzig 1922-1926)

Boyer Contribution = Contribution a L’histoire Juridique

BPO = Babylonian Planetary Omens (1975 onwards)

BPOA = Biblioteca del Proximo Oriente Antiguo (Madrid, 2006ff.)

BPPE = Business and politics under the Persian Empire : the financial dealings of Marduk-nāṣir-apli of the House of Egibi (521-487 B.C.E.) (Abraham 2004)

Br = R.E. Brunnow, A Classified List of Cuneiform ideographs (Leyden, 1887)

BRAD = J. Augapfel, Babylonische Rechtsurkunden aus der Regierungszeit Artaxerxes l. u. Darius II. (Vienna 1917)

BRM = Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpont Morgan (New Haven 1917 ff.)

Brockmon = R. Kutscher, The Brockmon Tablets at the Univ. of Haifa Royal Inscriptions

BSA = Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture (Cambridge, England, 1984 ff.)

BSL = Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (Paris)

BSOAS (aka BSOS) = Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies (London 1917 ff.)

BSWSAS = Sejnen Aja Kenkyû (Bulletin of the Society for Western and Southern Asiatic Studies, Kyoto University (Kyoto 1958ff.)

BT = Brockman Tablets

BTL (aka BT) = Babylonische Texte (Leipzig 1889-1897)

BTT = Babylonian Topographical Texts (George)

Bu (aka Bu.) = museum siglum of the British Museum (Budge)

BuA = B. Meissner, Babylonien und Assyrien (Heidelberg 1920/25)

Buccellati Amorites = G. Buccellati, The Amorites of the Ur III Period

Buffalo SNS = Hussey, M. 1915

Bursin 1 = (StOr 49, 26)

Bursin 2 = (StOr 49, 26)

Bursin 3 = (StOr 49, 27)

Bursin 4 = (RIME 4 Bursin 2001)

Bursin lff. = royal inscr.

Bursin seals a-e = (StOr49,27f.;RIME4 Bursin 2002-2006)

BVW = Erich Ebeling, Bruchstücke einer mittelassyrischen Vorschriftensammlung für die Akklimatisierung und Trainierung von Wagenpferden, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für Orientforschung Veröffentlichung No. 7. (Berlin 1951 Akademie Verlag)

BWL = W.G. Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature (Oxford 1959)

BzN = Beiträge zur Namenforschung (Heidelberg)

bzw. = respectively (beziehungsweise)

C

C = consonant

CA = Current Anthropology (Journal) (Chicago 1960 ff.)

CA = Driel, Govert van. 1969. The Cult of Aššur. Studia Semitica Neerlandica 13. Assen: Van Gorcum & Comp.     Publication

CAD = The Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago (Chicago 1956 ff.)

CAH =The Cambridge Ancient History (Cambridge, England 1970 ff.3)

CahDAFI = Cahiers de la Délégation archéologique française en Iran

Calendars = M.E. Cohen, The Cultic Calendars of the Ancient Near East

Camb. = J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Cambyses, König von Babylon (= BT 8-9, 1890)

CANE = Sasson, Jack M. et al. (eds.) 2000 Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers.

CANES = E. Porada, Corpus of Ancient Near Eastern Seals in North American Collections, I The Collection of the Pierpont Morgan Library (Washington 1948)

CanLam              = M. E. Cohen, The Canonical Lamentations of Ancient Mesopotamia (Potomac, Maryland 1988)

CAT = A. F. Rainey, Canaanite in the Amarna Tablets, HdO I 25, 1-4, Leiden 1996

Cat RSM 1907.690-50 5 = Dalley, S. 1979                           

Cat. = L. de Clerq/J. Ménamt, Collection de Clerq, catalogue …, I (Paris 1885/ 1888), II (1890/1903)

Cat. = K. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection

Catalogue 3 = Auction nd

Catalogue Louvre = L. Heuzey, Musée National du Louvre, Catalogue des Antiquités Chaldéenes, sculpture et gravure à; la pointe (Paris 1902)

CatBM = H.H. Figulla, Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum

CB = C.E. Keiser, Cuneiform Bullae of the Third Millennium B.C. Bab. Records in the Library of J.P. Morgan, part III. (New York, 1914)

CBCT = Chiera, E., Catalogue of the Babylonian Cuneiform Tablets in the Princeton University Library (Princeton 1921)

CBCY = Beckman, G. et al, Catalogue of the Babylonian collections at Yale

CBI = C. B. F. Walker, Cuneiform Brick Inscriptions in The British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the City of Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, the City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery (London 1981)

CBII = Un calendrier babylonien des traveaux des signes et des mois (séries iqqur īpuš)

CBS = Museum siglum of the University Museum in Philadelphia (Catalogue of the Babylonian Section)

CCL (aka Cat., CCO) = L. Delaporte, Musée du Louvre, Catalogue des cylindres orientaux, cachets et pierres gravées de style oriental, I Fouilles et missions (Paris 1920); II Acquisitions (1923)      

CCR 2 = Corpus des Cylindres de Ras Shamra-Ougarit II: Sceaux-Cylindres en Hématite et Pierres Diverses

CCT = Cuneiform Texts from Cappadocian Tablets in the British Museum (London 1921-75)

CCTM (aka CTMMA; CTM; CT Metropolitan) = Corpus of Cuneiform Texts in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (3 of 4 volumes have appeared as of June 2010)

CDA = Concise Dictionary of Akkadian

CdC II = L. de Clercq/J. Menant, Collection de Clercq, Bd. II (Cachets, briques, bronces, bas-reliefs) (Paris 1903)

CDCPP = R. H. Sack, Cuneiform documents from the Chaldean and Persian period (London/Toronto 1994)

CDLB = Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin <http //cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlb.html> (Los Angeles/Berlin 2002ff.)       Journal

CDLI = Cuneiform Digital LIbrary Initiative <http //cdli.ucla.edu/> (Los Angeles/Berlin)

CDLJ = Cuneiform Digital Library Journal <http //cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdlj.html> (Los Angeles/Berlin 2002ff.)

CDLN = Cuneiform Digital Library Notes <http //cdli.ucla.edu/pubs/cdln.html> (Los Angeles/Berlin 2003ff.)

CDLP = Cuneiform Digital Library Preprint

CE = Codex Eshnunna

cf. = confer

CGSL = S. Moscati, A. Spitaler, E. Ullendorff and W. von Soden, An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Wiesbaden 1964; 3d edition, 1980

CH = Codex Hammurabi

CHANE = Culture and history of the ancient Near East

Chantre              = E. Chantre (ed.), Mission en Cappadoce 1893-1894 (Paris, 1898)

CHD = The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (Chicago 1980 ff.)

CHEU (aka Contenau Contribution, HEU) = G. Contenau, Contribution à; I’histoire économique d’Umma (= Bibliothèque de l’école des Hautes Études, sciences philologiques et historiques 119, Paris 1915)

CHJ = G. Boyer, Contribution à; I’histoire juridique de la 1re Dynastie Babylonienne (Paris 1928)

Chronicles = L.W King, Chronicles Concerning Early Babylonian Kings

ChS = Corpus der hurritischen Sprachdenkmäler (Rome 1984 ff.)

CICh = C. F. Lehmann-Haupt, Corpus inscriptionum chaldaicarum (Berlin 1928/1935)

CII (aka CIIran) = Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum (London 1955 ff.)

Circulation of Goods = A. Archi (ed.), Circulation of Goods in Non-palatial Context in the Ancient Near East (Rome 1984)

CIRPL (aka Sollberger Corpus) = E. Sollberger, Corpus des inscriptions “royales” présargoniques de Lagash (Geneva 1956)

CKU = P. Michalowski, Correspondence of the Kings of Ur (2011)

CL = Codex Lipit-Ishtar

Clerge = D. Charpin, Le clerge d’Ur

CM = Cuneiform Monographs (Groningen 1992 ff.)

CMH = Museum sigla Série H du Cabinet des Médailles

CNIP = Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications

CNRS = Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris

col(s). = column(s)

coll. = collated, collation

Colloquium Anatolicum = Colloquium Anatolicum (Istanbul 2002ff.)

com. = Comitative

comm. = commentary (texts)

Commentaires = R. Labat, Commentaires assyro-babyloniens sur les presages

comp. = composition(s)

Comptabilité = Virolleaud, Charles, Comptabilité Chaldéenne 1903

Concept Sumérien (aka Y. Rosengarten CSC) = Y. Rosengarten, Le concept sumérien de consommation dans la vie économique et religieuse, étude linguistique et sociale d’après les textes présargoniques de Lagash (Paris 1960)

Contratti Ojeil = G. Matini, P. Negri Scafa, S. Ticca, S.Viaggio, Contratti della Collezione Ojeil (2014)

Copper and Tin = J.D. Muhly, Copper and Tin The Distribution of Mineral Resources and the Nature of the Metals Trade in the Bronze Age

corr. = corrects, corrected                        

corresp. = correspondence; corresponds

COS = W. W. Hallo and K. Lawson Younger, The Context of Scripture, 3 vols. (Brill 1997, 2000, 2002)

CPN = Clay, Albert T. 1912. Personal Names from Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Cassite Period. Vol. 1. Yale Oriental Series. Yale University Press.

Craft Archive = D. M. Loding, A Craft Archive from Ur (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania 1974)

CRAI = Comptes rendus des séances de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (Paris 1857 ff.)

Creation of the Hoe = lit. comp.; ms. H. Behrens

CS = H. Frankfort, Cylinder Seals (London 1939, Reprint 1965)

CST (aka Fish Rylands Library) = T. Fish, Catalogue of Sumerian Tablets in the John Rylands Library (Manchester 1932)

CT = Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum (London 1896 ff.)

CT Metropolitan = see CCTM

CTH = L. Laroche, Catalogue des textes hittites (Paris 1966, Reprint 1971); premier supplément, RHA 30, 1972, S. 94-133

CTKC= Erle Leichty, A Bibliography of the Cuneiform Tablets of the Kuyunjik Collection in the British Museum (London 1964)

CTM = see CCTM

CTMMA = see CCTM

CTN = Cuneiform Texts from Nimrud (London 1972 ff.)

CTNMC (aka Jacobsen Copenhagen) = Th. Jacobsen, Cuneiform texts in the National Museum, Copenhagen (1939)

CTPSM = Cuneiform Texts in the Collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow 2014 ff.)

CU = Codex Ur-Nammu

CUCT (aka CUT CUA) = Catholic University Cuneiform Texts

CuPAUAM = Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Madrid 1974 ff.)

Curse Agade (aka Cooper Curse of Agade) = J.S. Cooper, The Curse of Agade (1983)

CUSAS = Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology (Bethesda, 2007ff.)

Cyl. = Cylinder

Cyr. = J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Cyrus, König von Babylon (= BT 7, 1890)

D

DA = A. Boissier, Documents assyriens relatifs aux présages (Paris 1894-99)

DAA = [De] Anatolia antique (Journal)

DAAM = Documenta antiqua Asiae minoris (2019 ff.). (Series)

DAB (aka Thompson DAB) = R.C. Thompson, A Dictionary of Assyrian Botany (London 1959)

DACG (aka Thompson DAC) = R. C. Thompsom, Dictionary of Assyrian Chemistry and Geology (Oxford 1936)

DAFI (aka CahDAFI) = Cahiers de la Délégation anchéologique francaise en Iran (Paris 1971 ff.)

Damiqilishu 1 = (StOr49, 37f.; RIME 4,102f. Damiqilisu 1)

Damiqilishu 2 = (StOr 49, 38f.; RIME 4, 103f. Damiqilisu 2)

Damiqilishu 3 = (RIME 4, 104f. Damiqilisu 3)

Damiqilishu 5 = (RIME 4, 105f. Damiqilisu 2001)

Damiqilishu lff. = royal inscr.;

DamM = Damaszener Mitteilungen (Mainz 1983 ff.)

Dar. = J. N. Strassmeier, Inschriften von Darius, König von Babylon (= BT 10- 12, 1892-97)

DAS = B. LaFont, Documents Administratifs Sumériens, provenant du site de Tello et conservés au Musée du Louvre (Paris 1985)

Das Sumerische = A. Falkenstein, Das Sumerische. Handbuch der Orientalistik (Leiden 1959)

DAT = B. Lafont, Documents administratifs sumeriens provenant du site de Tello

dat. = dative

Date Palm = B. Landsberger, AfO Beiheft 17

DAWO (aka DAWIfO) = Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Institut für Orientforschung (Berlin)

DAWW = Denkschriften der (Kaiserlichen) Akademie der Wissenschaften (bis 1918 konsequent: in Wien), Philosoph.-hist. Classe/Klasse 1–73/1 (Wien 1850–1947[/1950]); Fortsetzung: Denkschriften der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Philosoph.-hist. Klasse (= DÖAW) 73/2ff. ([1947/]1950ff.). (Series)

DBH = Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie (Dresden/Wiesbaden 2002ff.).              (Series)

DBPS (aka DBPSz) = N. Lihacev, Drevnejsija bully i pecaty Sirpurly = Mem. de la section class. de la Soc. imp. russe d’archéologie, 4 (1907), p. 225-263

DCS (aka Charpin Durand Documents) = D. Charpin/J.-M. Durand, Documents cunéiformes de Strasbourg (Paris 1981)

Death of Dumuzi = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, AnSt 30, 5ff.; CT 58, 51

Death of Urnammu = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, JCS 21, 104ff.; C. Wilcke, Rencontre 17 81ff.; Susa version ms. M. Civil, rev. ms. S.J. Tinney

DecChaldée (aka DC t/p) = Découvertes en Chaldée par E. de Sarzec, ouvrage accompagné de planches, publié par les soins de L. Heuzey, avec le concours de A. Amiaud et F. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie épigraphique. Premier volume texte (Paris 1884-1912), Second volume partie épigraphique et planches (Paris 1884-1912)

Dédalo = Dédalo : revista do Museu de arqueologia e etnologia (Sao Paulo 1965-1990) (Journal)

Devils = The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia, R. Campbell Thompson (London 1903 vol. 1, 1904 vol.2)

DeZ = Museum siglum Dein ez-Zor

DFIFAO = Documents de fouilles de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale (1934 ff.). (Series)

Diri = lex. series diri = watru

disc. = discussion

diss. = dissertation

DMOA = Documenta et monumenta Orientis antiqui (Leiden 1947 ff.)

DN = divine name

DoCu (aka Durand Documents, DC, Cat. EPHE, DCEP) = Jean-Marie Durand, Documents cunéiformés de la IVe Section de l’École pratique des Hautes Etudes, vol. 1 catalogue et copies cunéiformés (= HEO 18, 1982) (Geneva 1982)

Documenta Asiana = Documenta Asiana (Rome 1994ff.). (Series)

DP = M. F. Allotte de la Fuÿe, Documents présargoniques (Paris 1908-1920)

DPA (aka EDPA) = H. Limet, Etude de Documents de la Période d’Agade (Société d’Editions “Les Belles Lettres” 1973)

Dreams               = A.L. Oppenheim, The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East (= TAPS 46/3)

Drehem = M. Sigrist, Drehem

DS (aka DSz) = H.G. Güterbock, The Deeds of Shuppiluliuma as Told by his Son Murshili II, JCS 10 (1956) 41-68; 75-98; 107-130

DSGl = F. Delitzsch, Sumerisches Glossar (Leipzig, 1914)

DSGr = F. Delitzsch, Sumerische Grammatik (Leipzig, 1914)

DTA = A.T. Clay, Documents from the Temple Archives of Nippur. UMBS 11, nos. 1 and 2. (Philadelphia, 1913)

DTCFD = Dil Tarih ve Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi (Ankara)

DUJ = Damascus University Journal (Damascus) (Journal)

Dumuzi-Inanna A = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 115ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna B = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 125ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna C = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 146ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna C1 = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 323ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna D = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 171ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna D1 = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 340ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna E = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 186ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna E1 = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 353ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna F = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 193ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna F1 = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 363ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna G = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 200ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna H = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 209ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna I = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 218ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna L = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 230ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna M = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 232f.

Dumuzi-Inanna O = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 234ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna P = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 243ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna R = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 262ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna T = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 273ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna V = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 284ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna W = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 288ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna X = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs (BE 31, 46)

Dumuzi-Inanna Y = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 301ff.

Dumuzi-Inanna Z = lit. comp.; Sefati Love Songs 317ff.

Dumuzi’s Dream = lit. comp.; B. Alster Mesopotamia 1, and dupls.; RA 69, 97-108; new ms. M.W. Green; rev. ms. B. Alster

dupl(s). = duplicate(s)

DynChal = Janneau, Guillaume. Une dynastie chaldéenne les rois d’Ur. (Paris, P. Geuthner, 1911)

E

EA = J. A. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln (= VAB II, Leipzig 1915)

Ea = lex. series e-a || A = naqu; MSL 14, 171ff.

EAE = Enuma Anu Enlil (Babylonian astronomical series)

EAK = Einleitung in die assyrischen Königsinschriften. R. Borger, Teil I Das zweite Jahrtausend v. Chr.; W. Schramm, Teil II 934-722 v. Chr., in HdOr. Erg.-Bd. V 1,1 (1961) und 1,2 (1973)

Eames (aka Eames Coll.) = A.L. Oppenheim, AOS 32

EANEC  Explorations in Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations (2013 ff.).       Series   

Eannatum lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 1, 120ff.

Early Rulers = see Sumerian Poem 4

East and West = East and West. A quarterly published by the Istituto italiano per (anfangs: il Medio e Estremo Oriente) l’Africa e l’Oriente 1–9 (= NS 1) (Rom 1950–1958ff.) (Journal)

EBH = Early Babylonian History, Hugo Radau, 1900

Ebla 1975-1985 (aka Dieci anni) = L. Cagni (ed.), Ebla 1975-1985, Dieci anni di studi linguistici e filologici, Atti del Convegno Internazionale (Naples 1987)

Ebla Bil. Voc. = lex. text; MEE 4

Eblaitica = Eblaitica Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language (Winona Lake, 1987 ff.)

econ. = economic (texts)

Economic History = Economic History / Hospodárske Dejiny, Praha, vol. 15 (Prague 1986)

ECTJ = A. Westenholz, Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena

ED = Early Dynastic

ED Animal List A = lex. text, MEE 3, 47ff.

ED Animal List B = lex. text; MEE 3, 57ff.

ED Bird List A = lex. text; MEE 3, 109ff., with appendix by M. Civil, 275ff

ED Lu = lex. series; Early Dynastic recensions of Lu; MSL 12, 3ff.

ED Proverbs = B. Alster AfO 38/39, 1-51

ed(s). = edited, editor(s)

EDA = H. Limet, Etude de documents de la periode d’Agade appartenant a l’Universite de Liege

EDATS = F. Pomponio and G. Visicato, Early Dynastic Administrative Tablets of Šuruppak. Naples, 1994.

EE = Stolper, Matthew W., Entrepreneurs and empire the Murašû Archive, the Murašû Firm, and Persian rule in Babylonia. Leiden & Istanbul 1985 Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

Ee. = Enuma elish (Babylonian creation myth)

EEN = N. Veldhuis, Elementary Education in Nippur (Ph.D. dissertation)

EG = A. Dillmann, Ethiopic Grammar, 2d edition, 1899, Translated by J. A. Crichton (London 1907)

EG (aka GE, gilg., Gilgamesh Epic) = Epic of Gilgamesh (Babylonian epic)

EI = Enzyklopädie des Islam (Leiden 1913-1934)

EK = Excavations at Kish the Herbert Weld (for the University of Oxford) and Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) Expedition to Mesopotamia, 1924-1934

ELA = S. Cohen, Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania)

Elam. = Elamite

Elementary Education = N. Veldhuis, Elementary Education at Nippur the List of Trees and Wooden Objects

Elevation of Ishtar = lit. comp.; B. Hruska, ArOr 37, 473ff.

Ellil = F. Nötscher, Ellil in Sumer und Akkad

ELTS = I. J. Gelb, P. Steinkeller, and R. M. Whiting, Jr., Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East Ancient Kudurrus (=OIP 104; Chicago The Oriental Institute, 1989, 1991)

Emar 6 (aka Emar VI) = D. Arnaud, Recherches au pays d’Astata Emar 6/1-4, Textes sumeriens et accadiens (Paris 1986)

Emesal Voc. = lex. series; MSL4, 3ff.

Emesal-Studien (aka M.K. Schretter, Emesal) = M. K. Schretter, Emesal-Studien, Sprach- und literuturgeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur sogenannten Frauensprache des Sumerischen, Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft, Sonderheft 69 (Innsbruck 1990)

En. el. = Akk. lit. comp.; Enuma elish

Enannatum I 1ff. = royal inscr., Steible ABW 182ff.

Enannatum II 1ff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 1, 273ff.

Enc. phot. = M. Rutten, Encyclopédie photographique de l’art, Tome II (Paris 1936)

ENES (aka Yale) = B. Buchanan, Early Near Eastern Seals im the Yale Babylonian Collection (New Haven 1981)

Enki and Ninmah = lit. comp.; C. Benito, “Enki and Ninmah” and “Enki and the World Order” (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania); rev. ms. S.J. Lieberman

Enki and the World Order (aka Enki-WO) = lit. comp.; C. Benito, “Enki and the World Order” (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania); rev. ms. M.W. Green

Enki’s Journey to Nippur = lit. comp.; A. al-Fouadi, Enki’s Journey to Nippur (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania)

Enkimansum and Giriniisag = lit. comp.; BE 31, 45 and dupls.

Enkitalu and Enkihegal = lit. comp.; ms. M. Civil

Enkl and Ninhursaga = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, BASOR SS 1; rev. ms. S.J. Lieberman; P. Attinger, ZA 74, lff

Enlil and Namzitarra = lit. comp.; M. Civil, AfO 25, 68ff.

Enlil and Ninlil (aka Behrens 1978) = lit. comp.; H. Behrens, Studia Pohl SM 8, 1978

Enlil and Sud = lit. comp.; M. Civil, JAOS 103, 43ff

Enlil in the Ekur = lit. comp.; Falkenstein Götterlieder 5ff., D. Reisman Two Neo-Sumerian Royal Hymns (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania) 41ff.; rev. ms. S. Kupferberg

Enlil’s Chariot = lit. comp., J. Klein, Acta Sum 11 37ff

Enlilbani 1 = (StOr 49, 28)

Enlilbani 2a = (StOr 49, 29)

Enlilbani 2b = (StOr 49, 29; RIME 4 Enlilbani 3)

Enlilbani 3 = (8tOr 49, 30; RIME 4 Enlilbani 5)

Enlilbani 4 = (StOr 49, 30f.; RIME 4 Enlilbani 6)

Enlilbani 5 = (StOr 49, 31; RIME 4 Enlilbani 9)

Enlilbani 6 = (StOr 49, 31; RIME 4 Enlilbani 8)

Enlilbani 7 = (StOr 49, 32; RIME 4 Enlilbani 11)

Enlilbani 8 = (StOr 49, 33; RIME 4 Enlilbani 4)

Enlilbani 9 = (StOr 49 33 RIME 4 Enlilbani 7)

Enlilbani A = lit. comp.; A. Kapp, ZA 51, 76ff. and dupls., rev. ms. M. Roth

Enlilbani lff. = royal inscr.

Enlildirishe = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 39ff. and dupls.; rev. ms. S.J. Tinney

Enmerkar and Ensuhkeshdanna = lit. comp A. Berlin Enmerkar and Ensuhkesdanna (= 0PBF 2); H. Behrens, AfO 29-30 98ff.; rev. ms. H. Behrens

Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta = ht. comp.; S. Cohen (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania); rev. ms Å.W. Sjöberg

Enmetena lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 1, 21 lff.

Enshakushanna lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2, 293ff.

Ensi and Sanga to a King              = letter; Ali Letters 109ff. B 11

epigr. = epigraphical(ly)

Epithetes (aka ÉR) = M.-J. Seux, Epithetes royales akkadiennes et sumeriennes (Paris 1967)

ePSD = electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary Project <http //psd.museum.upenn.edu/epsd/index.html (Philadelphia)

Equids = R. H. Meadow, H.-P. Uerpmann, Equids in the Ancient World, Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A 19/1 (Wiesbaden 1986)

ERC = Edition Recherche sur les Civilisations, Cah. = Cahiers Mém = Mémoire (Paris)

Eridu = M.W. Green, Eridu in Sumerian Literature (diss., Univ. Of Chicago)

Eridu Lament = lit. comp.; M.W. Green, JCS 30, 127ff.

Erimhush = lex. series erim2-hush = anantu; MSL 17, 3ff.

ErIsr. (aka Eretz-Israel, Er(etz) Isr(ael), EI) = Eretz Israel, Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies (Jerusalem 1951 ff.)

Erra Epic = Akk. lit comp., L. Cagni, Studia Pohl 5

Ershemma = M.E. Cohen, Sumerian Hymnology The Ershemma

ES = Emesal

ESA = Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua (Helsinki 1926/1927 ff.)

ESA = Eurasia Septentrionalis Antiqua (Helsinki 1926/1927 ff.)

ESA = A. F. L. Beeston, A Descriptive Grammar of Epigraphic South Arabian (London 1962)

ESEM = tablets in the collections of the Archaeological Museums, Istanbul

esp. = especially

Essays Gordon = The Bible World Essays in Honor of Cyrus H. Gordon                 

ETB = Excavations at Tell Brak, edited by D. Oates, J. Oates & H. McDonald, 2001

ETCSL = Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature <http //etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk> (Oxford)

Etelpidamu to Mardu = letter-prayer, ms. P. Michalowski

Etudes Garelli (aka Études Garelli) = Marchands, Diplomats et Empereurs Etudes sur la civilisation mesopotamienne offertes a Paul Garelli

EvM = Evil-Merodach . . ., in B.T.A. Evitts, Inscriptions of the reigns of Evil-Merodach, Neriglissar and Laborosoarchod (=BT 6 B, 1892)

EVO = Egitto e Vicino Oriente

Ewe and Grain = lit.  comp. ms. M. Civil, B. Alster and H. Vanstiphout, Acta Sum 9, lff.

Exaltation = W.W. Hallo and J.A. van Dijk, The Exaltation of Inanna (YNER 3)

Examenstext A = llt. comp. (Edubba A), Å.W. Sjöberg, ZA 64, 137ff., and dupls.

Examenstext B = lit. comp. (Edubba B) ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Expedition = Expedition. Bulletin of the University Museum of the University of Pensylvania (Philadelphia 1958 ff.)

Expl. = H. V. Hilprecht et al., Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century (Edinburgh/Philadelphia 1903).

ext. = extispicy

F

F1 = D. Collon, First impressions: cylinder seals in the Ancient Near East (London 1987; repr. with revisions: 2005).

FAOS = Freiburger Altorientalische Studien (Freiburg 1975 ff.); Beih. = Beihefte Altassyrische Texte und Untersuchungen (1984 ff.)

FARG = Forschungen zur Anthropologie und Religionsgeschichte

Farmer’s Instructions (aka Civil Farmer’s Instructions, Farmer’s Almanac, Georgica 1.1.1) = M. Civil, The Farmer’s Instructions A Sumerian Agncultural Manual (= Aula Or Suppl. 5)

Father and Son = lit. comp. Å.W. Sjöberg JCS 25, 105ff. and dupl.; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Fauna = B. Landsberger, Die Fauna des Alten Mesopotamien (= ASAW 42/6)

fem. = feminine

FHG = E. Laroche, Fragments hittites de Genève, RA 45/3 (1951) pp. 131-138; 45/4 (1951) pp. 184-194; 46/1 (1952) pp. 42-50. Updated in E. Laroche, Sur les Fragments hittites de Genève (FHG), RA 46/4 (1952) p. 214

FHL = J.-M. Durand/E. Laroche, Fragments hittites du Louvre, in Gs. K. Atatürk (Paris 1982) S. 73-107

fig(s). = figure(s)

Fischerei (aka A. Salonen, Fischerei, FAM) = A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im alten Mesopotamien nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen (Helsinki 1960), (= AASF B 166)

Flood Story = lit. comp.; M. Civil, in W.G. Lambert and A.R. Millard, Atra-hasls The Babylonian Story of the Flood, 138ff.

Florenz = K. Oberhuber, Sumerische un akkadische Keilschriftdenkmaler des Archaologischen Museums zu Florenz                 

FLP = Museum siglum, Free Library of Phildadelphia

FM = Florilegium Marianum

FN = field name(s)

fn. = footnote                 

FNLD (aka FNALD) = J. N. Postgate, Fifty Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents (Warminster 1976)

Fo (aka Fö) = W. Förtsch, Altbabylonische Wirtschaftstexte aus der Zeit Lugalanda’s und Urukagina’s, VS 14/I (Leipzig 1916)

Foreign Trade = W.F. Leemans, Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period

Fowler and his Wife = lit. comp., B. Alster, JCS 27, 214f.

fragm. = fragment(ary)               

freq. = frequent(ly)

From the 21st Century = S. Garfinkle & M. Molina, From the 21st Century B.C. to the 21st Century A.D. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sumerian Studies Held in Madrid 22–24 July 2010 (Eisenbrauns, 2013)

Frühdyn. Beterstatuetten = E. Braun-Holzinger, Frühdynastische Beterstatuetten (Berlin 1977)

Frühe Schrift = H. Nissen, P. Damerow, and R. Englund, Frühe Schrift und Techniken der Wirtschaftsverwaltung im alten Vorderen Orient (Berlin 1990)

Frymer-Kensky Ordeal = T.S. Frymer-Kensky, The Judicial Ordeal in the Ancient Near East (diss., Yale Univ.)

Fs = Festschrift (Anniversary volume, Studies in honor of, etc.)

Fs Astour = Crossing boundaries and linking horizons studies in honor of Michael C. Astour on his 80th birthday, edited by Gordon D. Young, Mark W. Chavalas, Richard E. Averbeck, with the assistance of Kevin L. Danti (Bethesda, Md. 1997)

Fs Borger = Festschrift für Rykle Borger zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 24. Mai 1994 tikip santakki mala basmu, herausgegeben von Stefan M. Maul (Groningen 1998)

Fs Diakonoff (aka Studies Diakonoff) = Societies and Languages of the Ancient Near East Studies in Honour of I.M. Diakonoff

Fs Finkelstein = Essays on the ancient Near East in memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, edited by Maria de Jong Ellis. (Hamden, Conn. 1977)

Fs Gaster (aka Gaster Festschrift) = JANES 5                      

Fs Geers = From Assurbanpal’s Library Studies in Memory of F. W. Geers JNES 33/2-3 (1974) {pp 183-266?}

Fs Gordon = Orient and Occident. Essays presented to Cyrus H. Gordon on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday., Edited by Harry A. Hoffner. Kevelaer, Butzon &amp; Bercker; Neukirchen-Vluyn, Neukirchener Verlag, 1973

Fs Greenfield = Solving riddles and untying knots biblical, epigraphic, and Semitic studies in honor of Jonas C. Greenfield /, edited by Ziony Zevit, Seymour Gitin, Michael Sokoloff (Winona Lake, Ind. Eisenbrauns, 1995)

Fs Hallo (aka Studies Hallo) = The Tablet and the scroll Near Eastern studies in honor of William W. Hallo, edited by Mark E. Cohen, Daniel C. Snell, David B. Weisberg (Bethesda, Md. CDL Press, 1993)

Fs Hewett = So live the works of men seventieth anniversary volume honoring Edgar Lee Hewett, edited by Donald D. Brand and Fred E. Harvey (Albuquerque, N.M. University of New Mexico Press, 1939)

Fs Hilprecht = Hilprecht anniversary volume. Studies in Assyriology and archaeology dedicated to Hermann V. Hilprecht upon the twenty-fifth anniversary of his doctorate and his fiftieth birthday (July 28), by his colleagues, friends and admirers (Leipzig, J.C. Hinrichs, 1909)

Fs Jones = Studies in honor of Tom B. Jones /, herausgegeben von Marvin A. Powell, Jr. und Ronald H. Sack (Kevelaer Butzon &amp; Bercker ; Neukirchen-Vluyn Neukirchener Verlag, 1979) = AOAT 203.

Fs Koschaker = Festschrift Paul Koschaker mit Unterstützung der Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin und der Leipziger Juristenfakultät, zum sechzigsten Geburtstag überreicht von seinen Fachgenossen (Weimar Böhlaus, 1939)

Fs Kraus (aka Studies Kraus) = Zikir Shumim Assyriological Studies Presented to F.R. Kraus

Fs Larsen = Assyria and Beyond Studies Presented to Mogens Trolle Larsen, edited by J. G. Dercksen (Nederlands Instituut voor het Nebije Oosten, 2004)

Fs Levine = Ki Baruch Hu Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Judaic Studies in Honor of Baruch A. Levine

Fs Limet = Tunca, Ö and S. Dehesell, Tablettes et images aux pays de Sumer et d’Akkad mélanges offerts … Monsieur H. Limet Mémoires (Association pour la Promotion de l’Histoire et de l’Archéologie Orientales) 1. (Liege Université de Liege 1996)

Fs Matous = B. Hruska, G. Komoróczy (eds.), Festschrift Lubor Matous (Budapest Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Ókori Történeti Tanszekek, 1978)

Fs Moortgat = Vorderasiatische Archäologie. Studien und Aufsätze. A. Moortgat zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (Berlin 1964)

Fs Moran (aka Studies Moran) = Lingering over Words Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran

Fs Oberhuber = Im Bannkreis des Alten Orients Studien zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte des Alten Orients und seines Ausstrahlungsraumes Karl Oberhuber zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet /, herausgegeben von Wolfgang Meid und Helga Trenkwalder (Innsbruck Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, 1986)            

Fs Oppenheim = R. D. Biggs and J. A. Brinkman, eds. Studies Presented to A. Leo Oppenheim. (1964) The University of Chicago Press

Fs Reiner (aka Studies Reiner) = Language, Literature, and History Philological and Historical Studies Presented to E. Reiner (= AOS 67)

Fs Rinaldi = Studi sull’Oriente e la Bibbia offerti al p. Giovanni Rinaldi nel 60. compleanno da allievi, colleghi amici. Genova Studio e vita, 1967.

Fs Römer (aka Römer Festschrift) = dubsar anta-men Studien zur Altorientalistik, Festschrift fur Willem H.Ph. Römer zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres mit Beitragen von Freunden, Schulern und Kollegen, AOAT 253

Fs Salonen = Festschrift A. I. Salonen, StOr 46 (Amsterdam and Oxford 1976)

Fs Sigrist (aka Studies Sigrist) = Piotr Michalowski, ed., On the Third Dynasty of Ur Studies in Honor of Marcel Sigrist, JCS SS 1. Boson, MA American Schools of Oriental Research, 2008.

Fs Sjöberg (aka Studies Sjöberg) = DUMU E2-DUB-BA-A Studies in Honor of Å.W. Sjöberg

Fs Steve = Fragmenta Historiae Aelamicae Mélanges Offerts à M-J. Steve. L. De Meyer, H. Gasche and F. Vallat, eds. Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations. Paris, 1986.

Fs Struve = Drevnij mir, sbornik statej akademiku Vasiliju Vasil’evich Struve, Shakhov, F. 1964

FT (aka de Genouillac FT) = H. de Genouillac, Fouilles de Telloh

FTP = H.P. Martin et al, The Fara tablets in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2001

FTS = S.N. Kramer, From the Tablets of Sumer

FuB (aka FB) = Forschungen und Berichte, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Berlin i957 ff.)

FuF = Forschungen und Fortschritte (Berlin 1925-1967)

Fussbekleidung = A. Salonen, Die Fussbekleidung der alten Mesopotamier &lt;= AASF 157)

FWG = Fischer Weltgeschichte, vols. 2-4 Die Altorientalischen Reiche (Frankfurt a. Main 1965-1967)

G

GAG = W. von Soden, Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik, Analecta Orientalia 33, Rome 1952; Ergänzungsheft mit Nachträgen, Analecta Orientalia 47, Rome 1969; 2d edition mit Ergänzungsheft, Analecta Orientalia 33/47, Rome 1969; 3d edition, Analecta Orientalia 33, Rome 1995

GBAO = Göttinger Beiträge zum Alten Orient

GBT = Geological Bulletin of Turkey (1947 ff.) (Journal)

GCCI (aka GC) = R. P. Dougherty, Goucher College Cuneiform Inscriptions (New Haven 1923-33)

Geers Heft = Unpublished volumes of copies of texts and fragments from the British Museum Kouyunjik collection.

GEN = A. Shaffer, Sumerian Sources of Tablet XII of the Epic of Gilgamesh (Univ. of Pennsylvania, diss., 1963)

gen. = genitive

Genava = Bulletin du Musée d’Arts et d’Histoire de Genève (Genf 1923-1952); NS = nouvelle série (1953 ff.)

geogr. = geographical (texts)

Gerión = Gerión, Revista de Historia Antigua (Madrid 1983 ff.) (Journal)

Geschlechtsreife = Geschlechtsreife und Legitimation zur Zeugung, ed. E.W. Muller

Getreide = F. Hrozny, Das Getreide im alten Babylonien

GGL = J. Marzahn, Die Grundlagen der Getreideproduktion in Lagash (unpublished)

Gilgamesh and Agga = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, AJA 53 lff W. Römer AOAT 224ff.; H. Vanstiphout, Aula Or 5, 138ff

Gilgamesh and Huwawa A = llt. comp.; ms. A. Shaffer; cf. S.N. Kramer, JCS 1, 3ff. and dupls.; line numbering after D.O. Edzard, ZA 81, 165ff.

Gilgamesh and Huwawa B = lit. comp.; ms. A. Shaffer; line numbering after D.O. Edzard, BAW Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Sitzungsbericht 1993/4 16ff.

Gilgamesh and Huwawa Short Version = lit. comp.; M. Ellis, AfO 28

Gilgamesh and the Bull of An = lit. comp.; A. Cavigneaux, RA 87 (1993) 97-129

Gilgamesh and the Netherworld = lit. comp.; A. Shaffer, Sumerian Sources of Tablet XII of the Epic of Gilgamesh (diss., Univ. of Pennsylvania)

Gilgamesh II = A. R. George, The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic, vol. II, Oxford University Press, 2003

Gishshakidu of Umma = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2, 268

GKT = K. Hecker. Grammatik der Kültepe-Texte, Analecta Orientalia, 44 (Rome Pontificum Institutum Biblicum).

GLH = F. Laroche, Glossaire de la langue hourrite, I (= RHA 34/35, 1976/78)

GMA (aka Glyptik) = P. Amiet, La glyptique mésopotamienne archaïque (Paris 19611, 19802)

GMTR = Guides to the Mesopotamian Textual Record

GN = geographical name

GPA = see CTN (volume 2)

gramm. = grammatical

Gratz Ann. Vol. = Gratz College Anniversary Volume

Gud. = Gudea-Inschriften. Sigeln und Numerierng nach der Edition von H. Steible FAOS 9, 1-2 (Stuttgart 1991)

Gudea Cyl. A and B = lit. comp.; F. Thureau- Dangin, TCL 8; R. Averbeck, A Preliminary Study of Ritual and Structure in the Cylinders of Gudea (diss., Dropsie College) 589ff.; RIME 3/1, 68-106

Gudea lff. = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 1, 256ff.

Gudea Statue Aff. = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 1, 154ff.; RIME 3/1, 29-67

Gudea to his God = letter-prayer; TMH NF 3, 56 and dupl. UM 29-15-995

Gudeaenlilla to Dingirmansum = letter; TMH NF 3, 57

Guide3 = E. Budge/C. J. Gadd/H. Hall/S. Smith, A Guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities, 3d ed (London 1922)

Gungunum 1 = (StOr 49, 40; RIME 4 Gungunum 3)

Gungunum 2 = (StOr 49, 40; RIME 4 Gungunum 1)

Gungunum 3 = (StOr 49, 41; RIME 4 Gungunum 2)

Gungunum lff. = royal inscr.

Gungunum seals a-c = (StOr 49, 41; RIME 4 Gungunum 2001-2003)

GvG = Carl Brockelmann, Grundriss der Vergleichenden Grammatik der Semitischen Sprachen, 2 vols., Leipzig 1908 and 1913, reprinted Hildesheim 1961

H

H = field numbers of tablets excavated at Tell-Hadad

HAB = F. Sommer/A. Falkenstein, Die hethitisch-akkadische Bilingue des Hattushili l. (= AMAW NF 16, 1938; reprint, Hildesheim 1974)

Haja (aka Steible Haja) = H. Steible, Ein Lied an den Gott Haja (diss., Albert- Ludsvigs Univ., Freiburg)

HamG (aka HG) = J. Kohler/F. L. Peiser/P. Koschaker/A. Ungnad, Hammurabis Gesetz (Leipzig 1904-23)

Hammurabi 01 = (StOr 49, 141f. Rimsin 1, RIME 4 Hammurabi 1)

Hammurabi 02 = (StOr 55.1, 6-10; RIME 4 Ham-

Hammurabi 04 = (StOr55.1,15f.;RIME4 Hammurabi 4)

Hammurabi 05 = (RIME 4, 332 Hammurabi 5)

Hammurabi 08 = (StOr 55.1, 12-13, RIME 4 Hammurabi 8)

Hammurabi 09 = (StOr 55.1, 12-13; RIME 4 Hammurabi 9)

Hammurabi 10 = (RIME 4, 344f. Hammurabi 10)

Hammurabi 11 = (RIME 4, 345ff. Hammurabi 11)

Hammurabi 12 = (StOr 55.1,4f.; RIME 4 Hammurabi12)

Hammurabi 13 = (StOr 55.1, 1; RIME 4 Hammurabi 13)

Hammurabi 14 = (StOr 55.1, 1-2, RIME 4 Hammurabi 14)

Hammurabi 15 = (StOr 55.1, 2-3; RIME 4 Hammurabi 15)

Hammurabi 16 = (StOr 55.1, 3-4; RIME 4 Hammurabi 16)

Hammurabi 21 = (RIME 4, 357 Hammurabi 1001)

Hammurabi 22 = (StOr 55.1, 18; RIME 4 Hammurabi 2001)

Hammurabi 23 = (StOr 55.1, 17; RIME 4 Hammurabi 2002)

Hammurabi 24 = (RIME 4 Hammurabi 2003)

Hammurabi 25 = (RIME 4 Hammurabi 2004)

Hammurabi lff. = royal inscr.

Handwerk = H. Neumann, Handwerk in Mesopotamien, Untersuchungen zu seiner Organisation in der Zeit der III. Dynastie von Ur. Schriften zur Geschichte und Kultur des Alten Orients 19 (Berlin 1987)

HANEM = History of the Ancient Near East. Monographs (Padua 1996ff.). (Series)

Harem = Ernst Weidner, Hof- und Haremserlasse assyrischer Könige aus dem 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. (mit 6 Tafeln), AOf 17 (1954-56) 257-293

Harps = Th. Jacobsen, The Harps That Once . . .

HaS = I. J. GeIb, Hurrians and Subarians (= SAOC 22, 1944)

HASB = Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars der Universität Bern (Bern 1975-2009) (Journal)

Hatt. = A. Götze, Hattushilish. Der Bericht über seine Thronbesteigung nebst den Paralleltexten (= MVAeG 29/3, 1925)

Hattori dissertation = A. Hattori, Texts and Impressions A Holistic approach to Ur III cuneiform tablets from the University of Pennsylvania expeditions to Nippur (University of Pennsylvania, 2002)

Haupt Akkadische Sprache = Paul Haupt, Die akkadische Sprache Vortrag gehalten auf dem fünften internationalen Orientalisten-Congresse zu Berlin, 1883

Haupttypen = A. Falkenstein, Die Haupttypen der sumerischen Beschwörung (LSS NF 1)

Hausgeräte I (aka A. Salonen HAM, HAM) = A. Salonen, Die Hausgeräte des alten Mesopotamier nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, Teil I (Helsinki 1965), (= AASF B 139)

Hausgeräte II (aka A. Salonen HAM II) = A. Salonen, Die Hausgeräte des alten Mesopotamier nach sumerisch-akkadischen Quellen, Teil II Die Gefäße (Helsinki 1966), (= AASF B 144)

HAV (aka HAV lff) = Hilprecht Anniversary Volume

HBA (aka HdBA) = E. F. Weidner, Handbuch der babylonischen Astronomie, I (= AB 23, 1915)

HdA (aka HdAr.) = Handbuch der Archäologie, im Rahmen des Handbuchs der Altertumswissenschaft (München 1939 ff.)

HdCh =F.W. König, Handbuch der chaldischen Inschriften (= AfO Beih. 8, 1955/1957)

HdOr = Handbuch der Orientalistik (Leiden 1948 ff.); Erg.Bd. (1955 ff.)

Hebr. = Hebrew

HED = J. Puhvel, Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Berlin 1984 ff.)

HEER= Historical Eclipses and Earth’s Rotation (Stephenson 1997)

Heisserer = A. J. Heisserer (ed.), Classical Antiquities The collection of the Stovall Museum of Science & History (University of Oklahoma, 1986)

Helsinki Atlas = S. Parpola/M. Porter (ed.), The Helsinki atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian period (Helsinki 2001).            

Hendursaga Hymn = lit. comp.; D.O.Edzard and C. Wilcke, AOAT 25, 139ff.

HEO = Hautes études orientales (Geneva 1968 ff.); für Bd. 18 s. Car. EPHE.

Heron and Turtl = lit. comp.; G. Gragg, AfO 24, 51ff.; rev. ms. M. Civil

Hethitica = Hethitica (Leuven 1972 ff.)

HFAC = G. Beckmann/H. A. Hoffner, Jr., Hittite Fragments in American Collections (= TBC 2, 1982) = JCS 37, 1985 S. 1-60.

HFara (aka Fara) = E. Heinrich, Fara, Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Fara und Abu Hatab (1902/3, Berlin 1931)

Hg. = Lexical series HAR.gud = imru = ballu (in MSL 5-11)

HH = L. Laroche, Les hiéroglyphes hittites (Paris l960)

Hh. = Lexical series HAR.ra = hubullu (= MSL 5-11)

HHL = J. Hawkins/A. Morpurgo-Davies/G. Neumann, Hittite Hieroglyphs and Luwian New Evidence for the Connection (= NAWG 1973, 6, 1974)

HippHeth = A. Kammenhuber, Hippologica Hethitica (Wiesbaden 1961)

Hippologica (aka A. Salonen, Hippologica) = A. Salonen, Hippologica Accadica (Helsinki 1956), (= AASF B 100)

Hiring = M. Weitemeyer, Some Aspects of the Hiring of Workers in the Slppar Region in the Time of Hammurabi

Hirose Collection = T. Gomi, Y. Hirose and K. Hirose, Neo-Sumerian Administrative Texts of the Hirose Collection

hist. = historical (texts)

Historia Mathematica = Historia Mathematica (Toronto)

HitG (aka HG) = J. Friedrich, Die hethitischen Gesetze (Leiden, 19591, 19712)

Hitt. = Hittite

HKL = R. Borger, Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur (Berlin 1967-75)

HKM = S. AIp, Masat-Höyük’te bulunan civi yazili Hitit tabletleri/Hittite Cuneiform Tablets from Masat-Höyük (= TTKY VI/34, 1991).

HLC (aka Barton Haverford) = G. Barton, Haverford Library Collection of Cuneiform Tablets (Philadelphia 1905-1914); collations by T. Maeda, ASJ 2,197ff.

HMA (aka Lowie; LM) = sigla of the Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California at Berkeley

Hoe and Plow = lit. comp.; ms. M. Civil

Holma-Salonen Cuneiform Tablets = H. Holma and A. Salonen, Some Cuneiform Tablets from the Time of the Third Ur Dynasty (= StOr 9/1)

Home of the Fish = lit. comp.; M. Civil, Iraq 23, 154ff.

House Most High = A.R. George, House Most Hlgh The Temples of Ancient Mesopotamia (= MC 5)

HPHJ = Historical-Philological Journal (Yerevan 1958 ff.) (Journal)

HPN = E. Huber, die Personennamen in den Keilschrifturkunden aus der Zeit der Könige von Ur und Nisin. Assyr. Bibliothek, vol. 21. (Leipzig, 1907)

HRT = A. Goetze, The Hittite Ritual of Tunnawi (= AOS 14, 1938)

HS = Tablet siglum of the Hilprecht Collection in Jena

HAS = L. W. King, A History of Sumer and Akkad (London 1910)

HSAO = Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient (vol. 1 [= Fs. A. Falkenstein] Wiesbaden 1967, vol.2 ff. Heidelberg 1988 ff.)

HSM = tablets in the collections of the Harvard Semitic Museum

HSS = Harvard Semitic Series (Cambridge, Mass. 1912 ff.)

HT = L.W. King, Hittite Texts in the Cuneiform Character from Tablets in the British Museum (London 1920)

HTR = H. Otten, Hethitische Totenrituale (= DAWIfO 37, 1958)

HTS = tablets from the Hartford Theological Seminary Collection texts now at Yale and Andrews Universities

HUCA = Hebrew Union College Annual (Cincinnati 1924 ff.); Supp. = Supplement (1976 ff.)

Hurr. = Hurrian

HW (aka HethWb., HWb.) = J. Friedrich, Hethititsches Wörterbuch (Heidelberg 1952-1954); 1-3 Ergänzungsheft (Heidelberg 1957-1966)

HW2 (aka HethWb., HWb2) = J. Friedrich/A. Kammenhuben, Hethitisches Wörterbuch (Heidelberg 1975 ff.)

Hymn to Nintu = lit. comp.; C. Wilcke, AS 20, 235ff. and dupls.

Hymn to the Ekur = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, RSO 32, 95ff.

HZL = C. Ruster and E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (Harrassowitz Verlag 1989)

I

I & C = Iran and the Caucasus (1997 ff.) (Journal)

i.e. = that is

IAK = E. Ebeling, B. Meissner, E. F. Weidner, Die Inschriften der Altassyrischen Könige (Leipzig, Verlag Von Quelle & Meyer, 1926)

IAR = Iraq Archaeological Reports (Warminster/Oxford 1988ff.). (Series)

IAS = R. D. Biggs, Inscriptions from Tell Abu Salabikh (= OIP 99, 1974)

IB = Ishan Bahriyat, Isin excavation sigla

Ibbisin lff. = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 2, 279ff.

Ibbisin to Ishbierra = letter; S. N. Kramer, OECT 5, 15f.

Ibbisin to Puzurnumushda = letter; A. Falkenstein, ZA 49, 59ff.

IBK = Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft 1/2–30 (Innsbruck 1953/1954–1999); NF (2010ff); Sonderheft (1954ff.). (Series)

IBoT = Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzelerinde bulunan Bogazköy tabletleri (Istanbul 1944 ff.)

ICC = H. A. Layard, lnscriptions in the Cuneiform Character from Assyrian Monuments (London 1852)

ICDOG = Internationales Colloquium der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft

ICK = Inscriptions cunéiformes du Kultépé, I B. Hrozny; II L. Matous (Prag 1952/1962)

Iddatum to Sumutarra = letter; P. Michalowski, JCS 30, 118

Iddindagan 1 = (RIME 4,22 Iddindagan 1)

Iddindagan 2 = (StOr 49, Sf.)

Iddindagan 3 = (StOr 49,7)

Iddindagan Hymn B = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 209ff.

Iddindagan lff. = royal inscr.; I. Karki, StOr 49, 5ff.

Iddindagan seal a = (StOr 49, 5; RIME 4 Iddindagan 2001)

Iddindagan to Sinillatum = letter; Ali Letters 67ff. B 3

Ideogramme = B. Meissner, Seltene assyrische Ideogramme

IEJ = Israel Exploration Journal (Jerusalem 1950 ff.)

IES = tablets in the collections of the Institute of Egyptian Studies (Univ. of Cambridge)

IF = Indogermanische Forschungen (Straßburg/Leipzig/Berlin 1892 ff.)

Igituh = lex. series igi-du8 = tamartu

Igituh Short Version = lex. series; B. Landsberger, AfO 18, 81ff.

Igmilsin to Nudimmudsiga = letter; PBS 12, 32

IHH = B. Hrozny, Les inscriptions hittites hiéroglyphiques (Prague 1933)

IHJ = International Journal of Humanities (2015 ff.) (Journal)

IJAS = Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies (Iran 2011 ff.) (Journal)

ILN = Illustrated London News (London 1842 ff.)

Ilumgamll 1 = royal mscr.; I. Kärkl, StOr 49, 189f.

IM = Museum siglum of the Iraq Museum in Baghdad

IMGULA = Walter Sommerfeld, ed.

imp. = Imperative

IMT = Donbaz, Veysel & Matthew W. Stolper, Istanbul Murašû texts. Istanbul 1997 Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul

Inanna and Bilulu = lit. comp.; Th. Jacobsen and S.N. Kramer, JNES 12, 160ff.

Inanna and Ebih = lit. comp.; ms. B. Eichler

Inanna and Enki = lit. comp.; G. Farber-Flugge, Studia Pohl 10

Inanna and Iddindagan = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 128ff; D. Reisman, JCS 25, 185ff.

Inanna and Shukalletuda = lit. comp.; K. Volk, Inanna und Sukaletuda

Inanna’s Descent = lit. comp.; W.R. Sladek, Inanna’s Descent to the Netherworld (diss., Johns Hopkins Univ.)

Inannaka to Nintinugga = letter-prayer; Ali Letters 137ff. B 17

incant. = incantation(s)

Incantation against Gall = lit. comp.; P. Mlchalowski, ZA 71, lff.

Incantation to Utu = lit. comp., B. Alster, Acta Sum 13 27ff

inf. = Infinitive

Inimenlilla to a King = letter; UET 6/2, 173 i 5ff.

Iniminanna to Enlilmassu = letter; Ali Letters 149ff. B l9

Iniminanna to Lugalibila = letter; Ali Letters 153ff. B 20

Inninshagurra = lit. comp.; A. Sjöberg, ZA 65, 161ff.

inscr. = inscription(s)

Inscriptions / Inscriptions sémitiques = H. Pognon, Inscriptions sémitiques de la Syrie, de la Mésopotamie et de la région de Mossoul, 1–2 (Paris 1907–1908; Nachdruck: Piscataway 2010).

Instructions of Shuruppak = lit. comp.; B. Alster, Mesopotamia 2, and dupls. see B. Alster, Mesopotamia 3, 137ff.; Civil, JNES 43 , 281ff.

Instructions of Urninurta = lit comp.; B. Alster, OrNS 60, 141ff.

interlin. = Interlinear

IOS = Israel oriental studies. [Tel Aviv] Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University

Iran = Iran. Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies (London 1963 ff.)

IrAnt = Iranica Antiqua (Leiden 1961 ff.)

Iraq = Iraq (British School of Archaeology in Iraq) (London 1934 ff.)

IRS = F. Malbran-Labat (préface de A. Caubet), Les inscriptions royales de Suse: briques de l’époque paléo-élamite à l’empire néo-élamite (Paris 1995).

IRSA = E. Sollberger/J. R. Kupper, Inscriptions royales sumériennes et akkadiennes (Paris 1971)

ISET = S. Kramer/M. Çig/H. Kizilyay, Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzelerinde bulunan Sumer edebi tablet ve parcalari (Sumerian Literary Tablets and Fragments in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul), I/Il, (Ankara 1969/1976)

Ishbierra 2 = royal inscr.; StOr 49, 2; RIME 4 Isbierra 1

Ishbierra and Kindattu = lit. comp., J. van Dijk, JCS, 30, 189ff.

Ishbierra to Ibbisin 1 = letter, Michalowski Correspondence 243ff.

Ishbierra to Ibbisin 2 = letter, S.N. Kramer, OECT 5 17ff.

IshbierraA = lit. comp.; Å.W. Sjöberg, Studies Hallo 211ff.

Ishme Dagan = M.-C. Ludwig, Untersuchungen zu den Hymnen des Ishme-Dagan von Isin

Ishmedagan 01 = (StOr 49, 8), RIME 4 Ismedagan 1)

Ishmedagan 02 = (StOr 49, 8), RIME 4 Ismedagan 2)

Ishmedagan 03 = (StOr 49, 9; RIME 4 Ismedagan 7)

Ishmedagan 04 = (StOr 49, 9, RIME 4 Ismedagan 3)

Ishmedagan 05 =(StOr 49, 10; RIME 4 Ismedagan 4)

Ishmedagan 06 = (StOr 49, 10; RIME 4 Ismedagan 11)

Ishmedagan 07 = (StOr 49, 10f.; RIME 4 Ismedagan 5)

Ishmedagan 08 = (StOr 49, 11; RIME 4 Ismedagan 13)

Ishmedagan 09 = (StOr 49, 12; RIME 4 Ismedagan 12)

Ishmedagan 10 = (StOr 49, 12; RIME 4 Ismedagan 2001)

Ishmedagan 11 = (StOr 49, 13; RIME 4 Ismedagan 10)

Ishmedagan 12 = (StOr 49, 13; RIME 4 Ismedagan 6)

Ishmedagan lff. = royal inscr.                  

Ishmedagan S = lit. comp.; Ludwig Isme-Dagan 87ff.

Ishmedagan seal a = (StOr 49, 13; RIME 4 Ismedagan 14)

Ishmedagan Z = lit. comp.; ms. P. Michalowski

Ishtar = W.F. Leemans, Ishtar of Lagaba and her Dress (= SLB 1/1)

Isin = B. Hrouda, Isin-Išān Baḥrīyāt die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen (4 vols. 1977-1992)

Isin crafts = Marc van de Mieroop, Crafts in the Early Isin Period A Study of the Isin Craft Archive from the Reigns of Isbi-Erra and Su-Illisu. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta – OLA 24 (Peeters Publishers, 1987)

ISINJournal = ISIN Journal (Al-Qadisiyah University 2011ff.) (Journal)

ISL = Innsbrucker Sumerisches Lexikon des Instituts für Sprachen und Kulturen des Alten Orients an der Universität Innsbruck, Abt. I Sumerisches Lexikon zu den zweisprachigen literarischen Texten; Band 1 Sumerisches Lexikon zu G. Reisner SBH

IsMEO (Reports and Memoirs/Serie Orientale Roma) = Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Rom; ab 1995 zusammen mit dem Istituto Italo-Africano di Roma zu IsIAO vereinigt), Reports and Memoirs 1–28 (1962–2001; 27/1997 noch unter IsMEO veröffentlicht; 28/2001 schon unter IsIAO veröffentlicht). Serie Orientale Roma (= Rome Oriental Series) (4/1952ff.).

IstF (aka IstForsch.) = Istanbuler Forschungen (Berlin/Tübingen 1932 ff.)

IstM (aka IstMitt.) = Istanbuler Mitteilungen (Istanbul 1933 ff.); Beih. = Beiheft (1966 ff.)

ITT (aka FYI) = Inventaire des tablettes de Tello

IUP Ser. Minor = Istituto Universitario Orientale, Seminario di Studi Asiatici, Series Minor (Neapel 1974ff.) (Series)

Izi = lex. series izi = ishtu; MSL 13, 154ff.

J

JA = Journal asiatique (Paris 1822 ff.)

JAC = Journal of Ancient Civilizations (Changchun)

Jagd = A. Salonen, Jagd und Jagdtiere im alten Mesopotamien (=AASF 196)

JAGS = Journal of the American Oriental Society (New Haven/Ann Arbor 1843 ff.); Suppl. = Supplement (1935 ff.)

JANEH = Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History (2014 ff.)

JANES = Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society (of Columbia University) (New York 1968/69 ff.)

JAOS = Journal of the American Oriental Society

JArSRep              = Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (Elsevier 2015 ff.)

JAS (aka JArS) = Journal of Archaeological Science (London/New York 1974 ff.)

JASB = Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta 1832-1936)

JASH = Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage, Baghdad University (مجلة التراث العلمي العربي)

JASP = Jutland Archaeological Society publications (1951 ff.). (Series)

JBCH = Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies, University of Babylon (مجلة كلية التربية الأساسية للعلوم التربوية والإنسانية)

JBL = Journal of Biblical Literature (Philadelphia 1890 ff.)

JCEW = Journal of the College of Education for Women (Baghdad 1990ff.)

JCH = Journal of Cultural Heritage (Elsevier 2000ff.)

JCS = Journal of Cuneiform Studies (New Haven . . . Baltimore 1947 ff.)

JCSMS = Journal of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies (Toronto 2006ff.)

JCSSS = Journal of Cuneiform Studies Supplemental Series

JDAI (aka JdI) = Jahrbuch des (Kaiserlichen) Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts (Berlin 1886 ff.); Erg.-H. = Ergänzungsheft (1888 ff.)

JEA = Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (London 1914 ff.)                           

JEN = Joint Expedition with the Iraq Museum at Nuzi (= Publications of the Baghdad School. Texts, 1-6, Paris/Philadelphia 1927-1939)

JEOL = Jaarbericht van het Voor-Aziatisch-Egyptisch-Gezelschap (from 1945 Genootschap) Ex Oriente Lux (Leiden 1933 ff.)

Jerusalem = M. Sigrist, Inscriptions Cuneiformes Jerusalem (= Studium Biblicum Franciscanum Museum 4)

JESHO = Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (Leiden 1958 ff.)

JFA = Journal of Field Archaeology (Boston, Mass. 1974 ff.)

JHA = Journal for the History of Astronomy

JHS = Journal of Hellenic Studies (London 1880 ff.)

JIES = Journal of Indo-European Studies (Hattiesburg, Missouri 1973 ff.)

JKF (aka JKlF, AnaAra., Anadolu, Anadolu Arast., Anadolu Arastirmalari) = Jahrbuch für kleinasiatische Forschung, I-II (Heidelberg 1950/51- 1952/53) = Anadolu Arastirmalari (Bd. 1 = III und 2ff. = 2ff., Istanbul 1955/59ff.); Beiheft (1978ff.)

JMC = Le Journal des Médecines Cunéiformes (2003 ff.)

JMEOS = Journal of the Manchester Egyptian and Oriental Society (1912-1933/34)

JMS = Journal of Magan Studies Vol 1 (2006). Discontinued?

JNER = Journal of ancient Near Eastern Religions (Leiden 2001 ff.)

JNES = Journal of Near Eastern Studies (Chicago 1942 ff.)

JOHD = Journal of Open Humanities Data (London 2015 ff.)

JPASB = Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Calcutta 1905-1934)

JRAS = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (London 1834 ff.); Suppl. = Supplement; Cent. Suppl. – Centenary Supplement (1924)

JRDH = Diyala Journal of Humanitarian Research, Diyala University (مجلة ديالى للبحوث الانسانية)

JRGS = Journal of the Royal Geographical Society (London)

JRGZ = Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Bonn (Mainz 1954 ff.)

JSOR = Journal of the Society of Oriental Research

JSOT = Journal for the Study of the Old Testament (Sheffield 1978/79 ff.)

JSS = Journal of the Semitic Studies (Manchester 1956 ff.)

JSSEA = Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities (Toronto 1977ff.)

JSSI = Journal of the Social Sciences Institute

JTVI = Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute . . .(London 1865-1957)

Jubileum LB = Böhl, F. de Liagre 1938

K = Museum siglum of the British Museum in London (Kuyunjik)

Kadmos = Kadmos. Zeitschrift für vor- und frühgriechische Epigraphik (Berlin 1962ff.) (Journal)

KADP = F. Köcher, Keilschrifttexte zur assyrisch-babylonischen Drogen- und Pflanzenkunde (Berlin 1955)

Kagal = lex. series ka2-gal = abullu; MSL 13,227ff

KAH = Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts (I L. Messerschmidt, WVDOG 16, 1911; II O. Schroeder, WVDOG 37, 1922)

KAI = H. Donner/W. Röllig, Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (Wiesbaden 1962-64)

KAJ = E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur juristischen Inhalts (= WVDOG 50, 1927)

KAL = Keilschrifttexte aus Assur literarischen Inhalts

Kalender = W. Sallaberger, Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit, 2 vols.

KAM = Keilschrifttexte aus mittelassyrischer Zeit

KAM = A. Moortgat, Die Kunst des Alten Mesopotamien (Köln 1967)

Kampfe (aka KAO) = Kampfe um den Alten Orient

KAO = P. Amiet, Die Kunst des Alten Orients (Freiburg 1977)

KAR = E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts I/II (= WVDOG 28, 1919; 34, 1923)

Kaskal = Kaskal. Rivista di storia, ambiente e culture del Vicino Oriente Antico (Padua/Florenz 2004ff.) (Journal             )

KAV= O. Schroeder, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur verschiedenen Inhalts (= WVDOG 35, 1920)

KB = Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek: Sammlung von assyrischen und babylonischen Texten in Umschrift und Übersetzung (Series)

KBo. = Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi (Bd. 1-22 in WVDOG, Leipzig/Berlin 1916 ff.)

Keshi Hymn = lit. comp.; G. Gragg, TCS 3. 155ff; rev ms. P. Gerardi; ED version, R.D. Biggs. ZA 61, 193ff

KEWA = M. Mayrhofer, Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen (Heidelberg 1956-1980)

Kish = tablets excavated at Kish, in the collections of the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford)

Kisurra = B. Kienast, FAOS 2

KL = Tablet siglum, texts from Kamid el-Loz

KlF = Kleinasiatische Forschungen, I (Weimar 1927-30)

Klio = Klio. Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte (Leipzig/Berlin 1906-1943)

KLL = Kindlers Literatur-Lexikon (Zürich 1965-1974; Munich 1974)

KMI = E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte medicinischen Inhalts (1922-1923)

KN = V. Haas, Der KuIt von Nerik. Ein Beitrag zur hethitischen Religionsgeschichte (= StPohl 4,1970)

Kollationen (aka Kollationen Jena) = C. Wilcke, Kollationen zu den sumerischen literarischen Texten aus Nippur in der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena, ASAW 65/4, 1976

Königsfriedhof = H. J. Nissen, Zur Datierung des Königsfriedhofes von Ur unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Stratigraphie der Privatgräber (Bonn 1966)

Konst. = Assur tablets In the collections of the Archaeological Museums (Istanbul)

Kt (aka kt) = Inventory numbers of Kültepe texts

Ktèma (aka KTMEA) = Ktèma. Civilisations de I’Orient, de la Grèce et de Rome antiques (Straßburg 1976 ff.)

KTP = The Cappadocian Tablets in the University of Pennsylvania Museum, JSOR 11, 1927, 101-136 F. J. Stephens

KTS = Keilschrifttexte in den Antiken-Museen zu Istanbul [, Bd. 1] J. Lewy (Konstantinopel 1926); Bd. 2 V. Donbaz (= FAOS Beih. 2, 1989)

KTU = M. Dietrich/ O. Loretz/ J. Sanmartín, Die keil-alphbetischen Texte aus Ugarit (= AOAT 24/1, 1976)

KTU2 = M. Dietrich/ O. Loretz/ J. Sanmartín, Die keil-alphbetischen Texte aus Ugarit, 2nd edition = ALASP(M) 8 (1995)

KUB = Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi (Berlin 1921 ff.)

Kudurmabuk 1 = (StOr49, 140f.)

Kudurmabuk 2 = (8tOr 49, 83f.; RIME 4 Kudurmabuk 1)

Kudurmabuk 3 = (StOr 49, 83f.)

Kudurmabuk lff. = royal inscr.

Kudurmabuk seal a = (StOr 49, 83f; RIME 4 Kudurmabuk 2001)

Kudurrus = I. J. Gelb, P. Steinkeller and R.M. Whitney Jr., Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East. Ancient Kudurrus (= OIP 104)

Kultische Kalender (aka B. Landsberger, Kalender) = B. Landsberger, Der Kultische Kalender der Babylonier und Assyrer (= LSS 6/1-2)

Kuninurta to a King = letter; ms. Univ. Museum

Kunstmann Gebetsbeschwörung = W. Kunstmann, Die babylonische Gebetsbeschwörung (= LSS NF 2)

Kurigalzu Inscription = royal inscr.; Sumer 4, lff.; rev. ms. M.W. Green

KuSa = Kuşaklı-Sarissa (Marburg/Rahden 1997ff.).

Kusu Hymn = lit. comp.; P. Michalowski, Studies Hallo 152ff.

KWU = N. Schneider, Die Keilschriftzeichen der Wirtschaftsurkunden von Ur III nebst ihren charakteristischen Schreibvarianten (Rom 1935)

Kyoto (aka Nakahara, Nakahara Kyoto) = Y. Nakahara, The Sumerian Tablets in the Imperial Library of Kyoto (Tokyo 1928)

Kyros-Zylinder = Kyros-Zylinder (edited by P.-R. Berger, ZA 64, 1975, pp. 192-234)

L

L = Tablet siglum of texts in the Archeological Museum in Istanbul (Lagash/Girsu)

l.e. = left edge

L’uomo = G. Pettinato, L’uomo cominciò a scrivere. Iscrizioni cuneiformi della Collezione Michail (Milano 1997)

La province (aka Prov. mér.) = J.-P. Grégoire, La province meridionale de l’état de Lagash

LAK = A. Deimel, Liste der archaischen Keilschriftzeichen (= WVDOG 40, 1922)

Lamentation over Sumer and Ur = lit. comp.; P. Michalowski, The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (= MC 1)

Lamentation over Ur = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, AS 12; rev. ms. H. Vanstiphout

Lamentations = M.E. Cohen, The Canonical Lamentations of Ancient Mesopotamia

Landfahrzeuge (aka A. Salonen, Landfahrzeuge) = A. Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge des alten Mesopotamien (Helsinki 1951), (=AASF B 72/III)

Language of Ebla = Studies on the Language of Ebla, ed. P. Fronzaroli, Quaderni di Semitistica 13

LAOS = Leipziger Altorientalische Studien (from 2011)

LAPO = Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient

LAS = S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, I (= AGAT 5/1, 1970); II (= AGAT 5/2, 1983)

Law Collections = M. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor

Laws of Lipiteshtar = lit. comp.; Roth Law Collections 23ff.

Laws of Urnammu = lit. comp.; Roth Law Collections 13ff.

LB = tablets in the de Liagre Bohl Collection (Leiden)

LBAT = A. Sachs/T. Pinches/ J. Strassmaier, Late Babylonian Astronomical and Related Texts (London 1955)

LE = C. Wilcke, Das Lugalbandaepos (Wiesbaden 1969)

Leather = V.E. Crawford, Terminology of the Leather Industry in Late Sumerian Times (diss., Yale Univ.)

Lenormant Choix = F. Lenormant, Choix de textes cunéiformes (1873-1875)

Letter from PN to a King(?) = letter; ISET 2, 117 Ni.4164 rev.

Letter from PN to Enlilbani = letter; ISET 2, 119 Ni.4326+ 9ff.

Letter from PN to Nanna = letter-prayer; A. Falkenstem, AnBibl 12, 69ff.; A. Sjöberg Mondgott 104ff.

Letter from PN to Nininsina = letter-prayer, SEM 74

Letter to Ninshubur = letter-prayer; C.B.F. Walker and S.N. Kramer, Iraq 44, 78ff.

Letter to Zimrilim = letter; D. Charpin, Rencontre 35, 7ff.

Letters (aka LEM) = P. Michalowski, Letters from Early Mesopotamia, by Piotr Michalowski, edited by Erica Reiner (Writings from the Ancient World, vol. 3, Atlanta, Ga. Scholars Press, 1993)

Levant = Levant. Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem (London 1969 ff.)

lex. = lexical (texts)

LexAe (aka LexAe., LexÄ) = Lexikon der Ägyptologie (Wiesbaden 1975-92)

Lexical = lexical reference(s)

LFBD = T. Fish, Letters of the First Babylonian Dynasty

LIH = L. King, The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi (London 1889-1900)

LIMC = Lexicon iconographicum mythologicae classicae (Zurich 1981 ff.)

Lingua di Ebla = La Lingua di Ebla, ed. L. Cagni

Lipiteshtar 01 = (StOr 49, 15f.; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 1)

Lipiteshtar 02 = (8tOr 49, 16; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 4)

Lipiteshtar 03 = (StOr 49, 17; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 5)

Lipiteshtar 04 = (StOr 49, 18, RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 6)

Lipiteshtar 06 = (StOr 49, 20, RIME 4 not included)

Lipiteshtar 07 = (StOr 49, 21f.; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 8)

Lipiteshtar 11 = (RIME 4, 48f. Lipiteshtar 2)

Lipiteshtar 12 = (RIME 4, 59f. Lipiteshtar 7)

Lipiteshtar 1ff. = royal inscr.

Lipiteshtar A = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 29ff.; rev. ms. Univ. Museum

Lipiteshtar and the Plow = lit. comp.; ms. M. Civil

Lipiteshtar B = lit. comp.; H. Vanstiphout, JCS 30 33ff

Lipiteshtar C = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 10ff.

Lipiteshtar D = lit. comp.; Römer SKIZ 6ff.

Lipiteshtar seal a = (StOr 49, 22 Lipiteshtar 8; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 2001)

Lipiteshtar seal b = (8tOr 49, 22 Lipiteshtar 9; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 2002)

Lipiteshtar seal c = (StOr 49, 23 Lipiteshtar 10; RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 2003)

Lipiteshtar seal d = (RIME 4 Lipiteshtar 2004)

Lipiteshtar to Nannakiag = letter; Ali Letters 76ff. B 5

Lisin’s Lament = lit. comp.; CBS 8508 (STVC 121) and dupl.

lit. = literary (texts)

LKA = L. Ebeling, Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Assur (Berlin 1953)

LKU = A. Falkenstein, Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Uruk (Berlin 1931)

LoC = Library of Congress

loc. = locative

loc.-term. = locative-terminative

Love Songs = Y. Sefati, Love Songs in Sumerian literature (diss., Bar- Ilan Univ.)

LSS = Leipziger Semitistische Studien (Leipzig 1903- 1920); NF = Neue Folge (1931-1932)

LSU = P. Michalowski, The Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (= MC 1)

LTBA = Die lexikalischen Tafelserien der Babylonier und Assyrer, Bd. I L. Matous; Bd. II W. von Soden (Berlin 1933)

Lu = lex. series lu2 = sha; MSL 12, 87ff.

Lu’utu lff. = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 2, 343f.

Luckenbill Adab = D. Luckenbill, Inscriptions from Adab (= 0IP 14)

Lugal-TAR-si of Kish = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2, 218f.

Lugalannemundu Inscr. = royal inscr.; H. Guterbock, ZA 42, 40ff.; new ms. P. Michalowski

Lugalbanda Epic I = lit. comp.; ms. S. Cohen, rev. by Å.W. Sjöberg; W.W. Hallo, JAOS 103, 165ff.

Lugalbanda Epic II = lit. comp.; C. Wilcke, Das Lugalbandacpos; R. Falkowitz, JAOS 103, 103ff.; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Lugalbandaepos = C. Wilcke, Das Lugalbandaepos, 1969

Lugale (aka van Dijk Lugale) = lit. comp.; J. van Dijk, Lugal ud me-lam-BI; Sippar Version = F.N.H. Al-Rawi, Iraq 57 (1995) 199-223

Lugalibila to Giriniisag = letter; ms. Univ. Museum

Lugaliblla to Lugalnisag = letter; J. Nougayrol, Ugaritica 5, 23ff.; rev. ms. M. Civil

Lugalkigmnedudu lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2, 298ff.

Lugalkisalsi lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2,

Lugalnisag to a King 1 = letter; Ali Letters 85ff. B 7

Lugalnisag to a King 2 = letter; Ali Letters 92ff. B 8

Lugalnisag to Enlilmassu = letter; Ali Letters 130ff. B 16

Lugalzagesi lff. = royal inscr.; Steible ABW 2, 310ff.

Lullaby = lit. comp.; S.N. Kramer, Studi in onore di Edoardo Volterra 6, 191ff, and dupls.; rev. ms. A. Cavlgneaux

Luninurta to Inamlaandulduga = letter; M.E. Cohen, WO 9, I0ff.

Lushaga = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 2,

M

MA = Middle Assyrian

MAD = I.J. Gelb, Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary (Chicago 1952- 1970)

MAG = Mittelassyrische Gesetze

mag. = Magical

MAH = Museum siglum of the Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva

MUSJ = Mélanges (de la Faculté Orientale) de l’Université Saint-Joseph (Beiruth 1906 ff.)

MVAG (aka MVAeG) = Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen (ab 1922 Vorderasiatisch-Agyptischen) Gesellschaft (Berlin/Leipzig 1896 ff.)

MVN = Materiali per il vocabulario neosumerico (Rom 1974 ff.)

MVS = Münchener vorderasiatische Studien (Munich/ Vienna 1977 ff.)

MW = tablets in the Missionshaus Werl in Westfalen

Mycenaean = Alexander Uchitel, Mycenaean and Near Eastern economic archives, 1985

MZL = R. Borger, Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon (AOAT 305; Ugarit-Verlag 2003)

N

N = Museum siglum of the University Museum, Philadelphia (Nippur) (Collection siglum)

N-T = field numbers of tablets excavated at Nippur (In Chicago and Baghdad)

NA = Neo-Assyrian

Nabienlil to a King = letter; ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Nabienlil to his Colleagues = letter; ISET 2, 121 Ni.4491

Nabienlil to Sillieshtar = letter; ISET 1, 126 Ni.972 and dupls. VAS 17, 44 ii 28′-iii 1 and UM 29-13-520; ms. M. Civil

NABU = Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires (Paris 1987 ff.); cf. Mémoires de NABU (1992 ff.), Cahiers de NABU (1990 ff.)

NALK = Th. Kwasman, Neo-Assyrian Legal Documents in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum (= StPohl SM 14, 1988)

Nammahm of Lagas lff. = roval mscr., Stelble NBW 1, 374ff.

Nanna-Suen = lit. comp.; A. Sjöberg, Der Mondgott Nanna-Suen …, I (Stockholm 1960)

Nanna’s Journey to Nippur = lit. comp.; A.J. Ferrara, Studia Pohl SM 2

Nannakiag to Lipiteshtar = letter; Ali Letters 71ff. B 4

Nannamansum to Nininsina = letter-prayer; TCL 16, 60 and dupl.

Nannamansum to Rimsin = letter; OECT 5, 31

Nanshe and the Birds = lit. comp.; ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Nanshe Hymn = lit. comp.; W. Heimpel, JCS 33 65ff.; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg,

NAPR = Northern Akkad Project Reports (= Mesopotamian History and Environment, Series I; Ghent)

NARGD = J. N. Postgate, Neo-Assyrian Royal Grants and Decrees (Studia Pohl, Series Maior 1, Rome 1969)

Nasha Diss. = Nelson, S.B., Nasha A Study of Administrative Texts of the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ph. D. Diss. University of Minnesota 1972

NAT = S. Parpola, Neo-Assyrian Toponyms (= AOAT 6, 1970)

NATN = D. l. Owen, Neo-Sumerian Archival Texts primarily from Nippur (Winona Lake 1982)

NatPhen = D.J.W. Meijer (ed.), Natural Phenomena (= Fs. M.N. van Loon, Amsterdam 1992)

Nautica (aka A. Salonen, Nautica) = A. Salonen, Nautica Babyloniaca. Eine lexikalische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung (Helsinki 1942), (= StOr 11.1)

NAWG = Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Phil-hist. Klasse (Göttingen)

NB = Neo-Babylonian                  

NB Stone List = lex. text, MSL 10, 65ff.

NBC = Nies Babylonian Collection, siglum of the Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven

NBDM = Neo-Babylonian Documents in the University of Michigan Collection (Ellen Moore)                 

NBGT =               lex. series, Neo-Babylonian Grammatical Texts; MSL 4,

Nbk. = J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Nabuchodonosor, König von Babylon (= BT 5-6, Leipzig 1889

Nbn. = J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von Nabonidus, König von Babylon (= BT 1-4, Leipzig 1889)

NBW (aka Steible NBW) = H. Steible, Die neusumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften (=FAOS 9)

NCBT = Siglum of the Newell Collection of Babylonian Tablets (now Yale University, New Haven)

NCJRNS = Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society (London 1904-1965)      

nd = no (publication) date

ND = field numbers of tablets excavated at Nimrud

NE = P. Haupt, Das babylonische Nimrodepos (Assyriologische Bibliothek 3, Leipzig 1891)

NEA = Near Eastern Archaeology, ASOR (Atlanta 61/1998ff.) (Journal)

Nebraska = N. Forde, Nebraska Cuneiform Texts of the Sumerian Ur III Dynasty

Nergal = J. Bollenrucher, Gebete und Hymnen an Nergal

Nergal Hymn = lit. comp.; H. Zimmern, ZA 31, 111ff.; rev. ms. M. Roth

Nergal’s Ax = lit. comp., TMH NF 4, 45 and dupls.; H. Behrens, Studies Sachs 27ff.

NESt. = University of California Publications. Near Eastern Studies (Berkeley)

NF = Neue Folge

NFT (aka Tello) = G. Cros et al., Nouvelles fouilles de Tello (Paris 1910)

NG (aka Gerichtsurkunden, NGU, NSGU) = A. Falkenstein, Die neusumerischen Gerichtsurkunden (= ABAW NF 39, 40, 54, 1956-57)

NH (aka Noms) = E.Laroche, Les noms des Hittites (Paris 1966)

Ni. = Museum siglum of the Archaeological Museum, Istanbul (Nippur)

Nigga = lex. series nig2-GA = makkuru, MSL 13, 91ff.

Nik (aka DV 3/II) = M.V. Nikol’skij, Drevnosti Vostocnyja, III/2 (St. Petersburg 1908), Dokumenty . . .iz sobraniia N.P. LiLhacheva, (= Nik 1); collations by M. Powell, Acta Sum 3, 125ff.; G. Selz, FAOS 15/1; Drevnosti Vostocnyja, V (Moskau 1915), Dokumenty . . . iz sobraniia N.P. Likhacheva, (= Nik 2)

Ninegalla Hymn = lit. comp.; H. Behrens, FAOS 21, 1998

Ningishzida Hymn A = lit. comp.; Å.W. Sjöberg, StOr 46, 301ff.

Ningishzida Hymn B = lit. comp.; Å.W. Sjöberg, StOr 46, 305ff.

Ningishzida Hymn C = lit. comp.; Å.W. Sjöberg, StOr 129ff.

Ninkasi Hymn = lit. comp., M. Civil, Studies Oppenheim 67ff.

Ninmesharra = lit. comp.; W.W. Hallo and J. van Dijk, YNER 3; rev. ms. H. Behrens; Zgoll, AOAT 246

NINO Annual Report = Netherlands Institute for the Near East, Leiden, Annual Report (Journal)

Ninshatapada to Rimsin = letter; W.W. Hallo, Etudes Garelli 377ff.; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

Nintinugga’s Dog = lit. comp.; Ali Letters 144ff. B 18

Ninurta and the Turtle = lit. comp.; B. Alster, JCS 24, 120ff.

Ninurta’s Fields = lit. comp.; ms. A.J. Ferrara

Ninurta’s Journey to Eridu = lit. comp.; Reisman, JCS 24, 3ff.; lines quoted according to copy in STVC 34

Nippur Lament = lit. comp.; S.J. Tinney, The Nippur Lament (= 0PBF 16)

Nippur Neighborhoods = E. Stone, Nippur Neighborhoods (= SAOC 44)

NippurTrial = lit. comp.; Th. Jacobsen, AnBibl 12, 130ff.; ms. S.J. Lieberman

Nisaba = Studi Assiriologici Messinesi (Messina 2002ff.)

Nisaba and Enki = lit. comp.; W.W. Hallo, Rencontre 17, 116ff., rev. ms. P. Michalowski

Nisaba Hymn = lit. comp.; D. Reisman, AOAT 25, 357ff.; rev. ms. Å.W. Sjöberg

no(s). = number(s)

Nomades = J.-R. Kupper, Les nomades en Mésopotamie au temps des rois Mari (Paris 1957)

NP (aka NBPf.) = H. Petschow, Neubabylonisches Pfandrecht (Berlin 1956)

NPN = I. Gelb/P. Purves/A. MacRae, Nuzi Personal Names (= OIP 57, 1943)

NRV = San Nicolo/A. Ungnad, Neubabylonische Rechts- und Verwaltungsurkunden (Leipzig 1935/ 1937; Gl. = Glossar)

NRVN = M. Çig/H. Kizilyay, Neusumerische Rechts- und Verwaltungsurkunden aus Nippur, I (Ankara 1965)

NS = new series; Nova Series

NTSS (aka NTS[shin]) = R. Jestin, Nouveaux textes sumériens de Shuruppak (Paris 1957)

Nungal Hymn = lit. comp.; Å.W. Sjöberg, AfO 24, 19f.; Å.W. Sjöberg, JCS 29, 3ff.

Nuradad 1 = (StOr 49, 50; RIME 4 Nuradad 5)

Nuradad 2 = (StOr 49, 50)

Nuradad 3 = (StOr 49, 51)

Nuradad 4 = (StOr 49, 53)

Nuradad 5 = (RIME 4, 144f. Nuradad 7)

Nuradad 6 = (RIME 4, 146 Nuradad 6)

Nuradad 7 = (StOr 49, 56; RIME 4 Nuradad 1)

Nuradad lff. = royal inscr.

Nuradad seals a-m = (StOr 49, 54-56; RIME 4 Nuradad 2001-2013)

NYPL (aka New York Library; TCNY; PIOL 19) = H. Sauren, Les Tablettes Cuneiformes de l’Epoque d’Ur de la New York Public Library

O

O = Museum sigla Antiquités (orientales), Musée du Cinquantenaire

OAAS = Old Assyrian archives studies (Netherlands)

OAC (aka OrAntColl.) = Orientis Antiqui Collectio (Rome)

OACC = M. Larsen, The Old Assyrian City-State and its Colonies (Mesopotamia 4, 1976)

OACTA = J. G. Dercksen, The Old Assyrian Copper Trade in Anatolia (Istanbul-Leiden 1996)

OAIC = I. J. GeIb, Old Akkadian Inscriptions in Chicago Natural History Museum (Chicago 1955)

OAkk = Old Akkadian period

OB = Old Babylonian period

OB Contracts = E. Stone, Old Babylonian Contracts from Nippur

OB extispicy = Old Babylonian extispicy : omen texts in the British Museum (Ulla Jeyes; 1989)

OB Lu = lex. series; Old Babylonian recensions of Lu; MSL 12, 151ff.

OB Temple Records (aka OBTR; Lau; OTR) = R. Lau, Old Babylonian Temple Records (= Columbia University Oriental Studies 3, New York 1906, reprint 1966)

OBGT = lex. series; Old Babylonian Grammatical Texts; MSL 4, 47ff

OBLA = R. M. Whiting, Old Babylonian Letters from Tell Asmar; AS 22 (1987)

OBO = Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis (Freiburg Sweitzerland 1973 ff.); Series archaeologica (1980 ff.)

OBTI (aka Ishchali) = S. Greengus, Old Babylonian Tablets from Ishchali and Vicinity (Istanbul 1979)

OBTR = St. Dalley, C. Walker, J. Hawkins, Old Babylonian Texts from Tell al Rimah (Hertford 1976)

obv. = obverse

occ(s). = occasion(s), occasionally

OECT = Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts (Oxford 1923 ff.)

OeLZ (aka ÖLZ) = Österreichische Lehrerzeitung

OIAR = The Oriental Institute Annual Report

OIC = Oriental Institute Communications (Chicago 1922 ff.)

OIMA = The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Microfiche Archives (Chicago/London 1976ff.).

OIMP = Oriental Institute Museum Publications Series

OIP = Oriental Institute Publications (Chicago 1924 ff.)

OJA (aka OxfJA) = Oxford Journal of Archaeology (Oxford)

OLA = Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta (Leuven 1975 ff.)

Old Man = lit. comp.; B. Alster, Mesopotamia 3, 90ff.

OLP = Orientalia Lovaniensia periodica (Leuven 1970 ff.)

OLZ = Orientalistische Literaturzeitung (Berlin 1898 ff.)

OMRO = Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden

Onomastikon = V.V. Struve, Onomastika rannedinasticheskogo Lagasha

Ontario (aka Sigrist Ontario) = M. Sigrist, Neo-Sumerian texts from the Royal Ontario Museum

OPBF = Occasional Publications of the Babylonian Fund, vols. 1-8 (Philadelphia 19 . . ff.), succeeded by OPKF, vol. 9ff.

Opfermaterie = F. Blome, Die Opfermaterie in Babylonien und Israel, I. Teil, SSAOI 4 (Rome 1934)

OPKF (aka OPSNKF) = Occasional Publications of the Samuel Noah Kramer Fund, vol. 9ff. (Philadelphia 1995ff.), succeeds OPBF vols. 1-8

Oppenheim Glass = A. L. Oppenheim, Glass and Glassmaking in Ancient Mesopotamia, 1970

ORA = Orientalische Religionen in der Antike: Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient = Oriental Religions in Antiquity: Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (Tübingen 2009ff.). (Series)

OrAnt = Oriens Antiquus (Rome 1962 ff.)

OrAntMisc = Orientis Antiqui Miscellanea (Rom 1994ff.) (Journal)

Orient = Orient. Report of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan (Tokyo 1960 ff.)

Orient-Express = Orient-Express. Notes et nouvelles d’archéologie orientale (Paris 1991ff.) (Journal)

Orlinsky Vol. = Eretz-Israel 16

OrNS (aka Or.) = Orientalia, NS = Nova Series (1932 ff.)

OrSP (aka Or.) = Orientalia, SP = Series Prior (Rome 1920-1930)

OrSu (aka OrSuec) = Orientalia Suecana (Uppsala)

OSAD = Oxford Studies in Ancient Documents (2003ff.)

OSP = A. Westenholz, Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia Chiefly from Nippur, OSP 1 (= BiMes. 1, 1975), OSP 2 (= Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 3, Copenhagen 1987)

OT = H. Holma, Omen Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum (Leipzig 1923)

OTHRAB = The Old Testament in the light of the historical records and legends of Assyria and Babylonia (Pinches, 1903)

OxfordEnc = E. M. Meyers (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, 1–5 (New York 1997)

P

p, pp = page(s)

PabilsagTale = lit. comp.; CBS 11346 (STVC 89) (+) CBS 13961 (SEM 101) + CBS 15207 (PBS 13,44) + HS 1472 (TMH 4 52) (+) Ni.4174 (ISET 2, 88); ms. M. Civil

PakArch = Pakistan Archaeology (Karachi 1964 ff.)

Paléorient = Paléorient (Paris 1973 ff.)

PALMA = Papers on Archaeology of the Leiden Museum of Antiquities (Series)

PAM = Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean (Warsaw 1990ff.) (Journal)

Pantheon = A. Deimel, Pantheon Babylonicum

PAPS = Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia 1838 ff.)

part. = partial(ly)

PAS (aka PAbS) = P. Mander, Il Pantheon di Abu- Salablkh, Contributo allo studio del pantheon sumerico arcaico, IUO Series Minor (Naples 1986)

PBF = Prähistorische Bronzefunde (Stuttgart)

PBS = University of Pennsylvania, Publications of the Babylonian Section (Philadelphia 1911 ff.)

PDK = E. Weidner, Politische Dokumente aus Kleinasien (= BoSt. 8-9, 1923)

PdP = La Parola del Passato, Naples, journal

PDT = M. Çig/H. Kizilyay/A. Salonen, Die Puzris-Dagan-Texte der Istanbuler Archaologischen Museen Part 1 = texts 1-725 (= AASF B 92, Helsinki 1956)

Peek (aka Pinches/Peek) = T. Pinches, Inscribed Babylonian Tablets in the Possession of Sir Henry Peek (London 1888)

PEQ = Palestine Exploration Quarterly (London 1937 ff.)

pers. = person(al)

Persica = Persica. Uitgave van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran . . . (s’Gravenhage/Leuven 1963/64 ff.)

Personennamen = M. Krebernik, Die Personennamen der Ebla-Texte. Eine Zwischenbilanz, BBVO 7 (Berlin 1988)

PHAV = Oriental Studies Published in Commemoration of the Fortieth Anniversary (1883-1923) of Paul Haupt . . . (Baltimore-Leipzig 1926)

Philippika = Philippika. Marburger altertumskundliche Abhandlungen (Wiesbaden 2004ff.) (Series)

Phoenix = Phoenix. Bulletin uitgegeven door het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux” (Leiden 1955 ff.)

phon. = Phonetic

PHPB (aka PHPKB) = J.A. Brinkman, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia 1158-722 B.C. (= AnOr. 43, 1968)

PIB (aka PBI; IB) = Pontifico Istituto Biblico; Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome

PIHANS = Publications de l’Institut historique-archéologique néerlandais de Stamboul (1956ff.)

PIOL = Publications de l’Institut Orientaliste de Louvain (Louvain-la-Neuve 1970ff.). (Series)

PJB = Palästina-Jahrbuch des Deutschen Evangelischen Instituts . . . zu Jerusalem (Berlin 1905-1941)

PKG = Propyläen Kunstgeschichte (Berlin 1923-1926; 1967-1982)

PKG 14 = W. Orthmann, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 14 Der Alte Orient (Berlin 1975)

PKOM = Publikationen der Kaiserlich-Osmanischen Museen (Konstantinopel 1916ff.). (Series)

PKT (aka PKTA) = E. Ebeling, Parfümrezepte und kultische Texte aus Assur. Sonderdruck aus Orientalia 17-19 (Rome 1950)

pl(s). = plate(s)

PN(s) = personal name(s)

PNAE = The prosopography of the neo-Assyrian empire, Helsinki 1998 – …

PNAIT = Cultural History Studies (Pejuhesh Nameh Anjoman-e Iraniye Tarikh) (Journal)

POA = Próximo Oriente Antiguo, Instituto de Estudios Islámicos y del Oriente Próximo, Zaragoza 2003 –

POAT = W. C. Gwaltney, The Pennsylvania Old Assyrian Texts, 1983

poss. = possessive

Post-OB = Post-Old Babylonian

PPAC = Periodic publications on ancient civilisations (Changchun Institute for the History of Ancient Civilizations, 1989ff.)

PPAC 1 (aka Adab; SIA) = Yang Zhi, Sargonic Inscriptions from Adab (Chanchun, China 1989)

PPS = Publications of the Palestine Section, Museum of the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia 1930 ff.)

Practical Voc. Assur = lex. series; B. Landsberger and O.R. Gurney, AfO 18, 328ff.

PRAK = H. de Genouillac, Premieres recherches archeologiques a Kich

Presarg. = Presargonic period

presc. = prescription

Priests and Officials (aka City Life, Maekawa City) = Priests and Officials in the Ancient Near East, Papers of the Second Colloquium on the Ancient Near East – The City and its Life held at the Middle Eastern Culture Center in Japan (Mitaka, Tokyo), K. Watanabe, ed. Sonderdruck (Heidelberg 1999)

Princeton 1 = M. Sigrist, Tablettes du Princeton Theological Seminary Epoque d’Ur III

Prosopografia = F. Pomponio, La Prosopografia dei Testi Presargonici di Fara

Proto-Aa = lex. series, MSL 14, 85ff., see Aa

Proto-Aa Geneva = lex. text, MSL 14, 21f.

Proto-Diri = lex. series, see Diri; ms. M. Civil

Proto-Ea = lex. series; MSL 14, 17ff.; see Ea

Proto-Izi = lex. series; MSL 13, 7ff.; see Izi

Proto-Kagal = lex. series; MSL 13, 63ff.; see Kagal

Proto-Lu = lex. series; MSL 12, 25ff.; see Lu

Proto-Sag = lex. text; MSL SS 1, 7ff.

Proverbs = B. Alster, Proverbs of Anclent Sumer (CDL Press 1997)

PRT = E. G. Klauber, Politisch-religi&ouml;se Texte der Sargonidenzeit, Leipzig 1913.

PRU = Palais royal d’Ugarit. Mission de Ras Shamra (Paris 1956 ff.)

Psalms = S. Langdon, Sumerian and Babylonian Psalms

PSBA = Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology (London 1878 ff.)

PSD = The Sumerian Dictionary of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia 1984 ff.)

PTS = Tablet siglum of the collection of the Princeton Theological Seminary

publ. = published

Pupil = Genouillac, H. de. Babyl. 8. 1924

Puzurmama 1 = royal inscr.; Steible NBW 2, 336f.

Puzurshulgi to Ibbisin = letter; Ali Letters 42ff. A 3; Michalowski Correspondence 253ff.

Puzurshulgi to Shulgi = letter; C. Wilcke, WO 5, 3ff.; Michalowski Correspondence 200ff.

PZ = Prähistorische Zeitschrift (Berlin 1909 ff.)

q.v. = quod vide                           

Qaṭna-Studien = Qaṭna-Studien. Forschungsergebnisse und vergleichende Untersuchungen des deutsch-syrischen archäologischen Projekts auf dem Tall Mišrife (Wiesbaden 2011ff.). (Series)

QNAR = Quaderni napoletani di Assiriologia Ricerche (Rome 2005 ff.)

QqTabCun = Émile Dantinne, Quelques tablettes sumériennes d’Ur (1910)

QuadSem (aka Quad. Sem.) = Quaderni di Semitistica (Florenz 1971 ff.); M = Materiali, 1 (1992)

Quat. Int. = Quaternary International (1989ff.) (Journal)

Quat. Res. = Quaternary Research (1970ff.) (Journal)

R